Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Mar 21;20(6):1440. doi: 10.3390/ijms20061440.
Protein phosphorylation regulated by protein kinases, as well as their dephosphorylation, is one of the most common post-translational modifications, and plays important roles in physiological activities, such as intracellular signal communications, gene transcription, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Over-expression of protein kinases is closely associated with various diseases. Consequently, accurate detection of protein kinases activities and their relevant inhibitors screening is critically important, not only to the biochemical research, but also to the clinical diagnosis and therapy. Nanomaterials, taking advantage of large surface areas, as well as excellent electrical, catalytic, magnetic and optical properties, have been utilized as target concentrators, recognition components, signal transducer or amplification elements in protein kinase related assays. This review summarizes the recent representative works to highlight the applications of nanomaterials in different biosensor technologies for protein kinases activities detection and their inhibitors screening. First, different nanomaterials developed for phosphoprotein/phosphopeptide enrichment and phosphate recognition are introduced. Next, representative works are selected that mainly focus on the utilization of nanomaterials as signal transducer or amplification elements in various protein kinases sensing platforms, such as electrochemical, colorimetric, fluorescent, and mass spectroscopy-based approaches. Finally, the major challenges and perspectives of nanomaterials being applied in protein kinases related assays are discussed.
蛋白质磷酸化受蛋白激酶调控，以及其去磷酸化作用，是最常见的翻译后修饰之一，在细胞内信号通讯、基因转录、细胞增殖和凋亡等生理活动中发挥重要作用。蛋白激酶的过度表达与各种疾病密切相关。因此，准确检测蛋白激酶的活性及其相关抑制剂的筛选不仅对生化研究至关重要，而且对临床诊断和治疗也至关重要。纳米材料利用其较大的表面积以及优异的电、催化、磁和光学性能，已被用作蛋白激酶相关测定中靶标浓缩剂、识别元件、信号转导或放大元件。本综述总结了最近的代表性工作，重点介绍了纳米材料在不同生物传感器技术中用于检测蛋白激酶活性及其抑制剂筛选的应用。首先，介绍了用于磷酸化蛋白/磷酸肽富集和磷酸基团识别的不同纳米材料。接下来，选择了具有代表性的工作，主要集中在纳米材料作为各种蛋白激酶传感平台中的信号转导或放大元件的应用，例如基于电化学、比色法、荧光法和质谱法的方法。最后，讨论了纳米材料在蛋白激酶相关测定中的应用所面临的主要挑战和展望。
