Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile.
Curr Obes Rep. 2019 Jun;8(2):88-97. doi: 10.1007/s13679-019-00339-z.
Obesogenic environment challenges individuals' ability to preserve energy homeostasis, leading to weight gain. To understand how this energy imbalance proceeds, several methods and analytical procedures to determine energy intake and expenditure are currently available. However, these methods and procedures are not exempt from issues that may lead to equivocal conclusions. Our purpose herein is to discuss major issues involved in energy balance assessment.
Measurement of energy intake mostly relies on self-report methods that provide inaccurate data. In contrast, determination of energy expenditure is more accurate as long as methodological and analytical issues are correctly addressed. Accurate measurements of energy expenditure can be obtained with the current methods once issues in measuring and interpreting data are correctly addressed. However, development of new technologies to measure energy intake is imperative to further understand the small and chronic energy imbalance leading to obesity.
肥胖环境挑战个体维持能量平衡的能力，导致体重增加。为了了解这种能量失衡是如何发生的，目前有几种方法和分析程序来确定能量摄入和消耗。然而，这些方法和程序并非没有可能导致结论模棱两可的问题。本文旨在讨论能量平衡评估中涉及的主要问题。
能量摄入的测量主要依赖于提供不准确数据的自我报告方法。相比之下，只要正确解决方法学和分析问题，能量消耗的确定就更准确。只要正确解决测量和解释数据方面的问题，目前的方法可以获得准确的能量消耗测量值。然而，开发新的技术来测量能量摄入对于进一步了解导致肥胖的微小和慢性能量失衡是必要的。
