DABMEB Consultancy Ltd, Sharnbrook, UK.
The Huggard Consulting Group S.A.R.L, Itzig, Luxembourg.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2019 Jun;104:151-156. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.03.011. Epub 2019 Mar 21.
The toxicology of fragrance materials is largely well understood. Although most are benign, a minority have the potential to cause adverse health effects, notably allergic contact dermatitis resulting from skin sensitization. As a consequence, industry guidelines have banned certain materials and strictly limited the use of others. Recently, data have been published that have been interpreted to suggest that inhalation of fragrances is associated with the occurrence of a variety of health effects, ranging from headaches to asthma attacks. In this review, the evidence basis for these assertions is examined critically and the biological basis and mechanistic plausibility for causation by fragranced products of these health effects is explored. This review concludes that respiratory effects, including irritation and allergy appear highly unlikely to occur by this route. While some sensory/psychosomatic effects are possible, this does not explain the very high rates of adverse effects reported in the recently published questionnaire studies, which this review concludes are more likely to be attributed to methodological weaknesses. Ultimately, it is concluded that adverse health effects arising from fragrance inhalation are uncommon and remain to be identified and confirmed by methodologically rigorous epidemiological investigations supported by a convincing biological and mechanistic basis.
香料材料的毒理学在很大程度上是被充分理解的。尽管大多数香料是良性的，但少数香料有可能导致不良健康影响，特别是皮肤致敏导致的过敏性接触性皮炎。因此，行业准则已经禁止了某些材料的使用，并严格限制了其他材料的使用。最近，已经公布了一些数据，这些数据被解释为表明吸入香料与各种健康影响的发生有关，从头痛到哮喘发作。在这篇综述中，批判性地检查了这些断言的证据基础，并探讨了香料产品引起这些健康影响的生物学基础和机制合理性。这篇综述的结论是，呼吸道效应，包括刺激和过敏，通过这种途径发生的可能性非常低。虽然某些感觉/心身效应是可能的，但这并不能解释最近发表的问卷调查研究中报告的非常高的不良反应率，这篇综述的结论是，这些研究更有可能归因于方法上的弱点。最终的结论是，由于吸入香料而产生的不良健康影响并不常见，需要通过有说服力的生物学和机制基础支持的方法严谨的流行病学调查来识别和确认。
