Peeling Peter, Binnie Martyn J, Goods Paul S R, Sim Marc, Burke Louise M
1 The University of Western Australia.
2 Western Australian Institute of Sport.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018 Mar 1;28(2):178-187. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0343. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
A strong foundation in physical conditioning and sport-specific experience, in addition to a bespoke and periodized training and nutrition program, are essential for athlete development. Once these underpinning factors are accounted for, and the athlete reaches a training maturity and competition level where marginal gains determine success, a role may exist for the use of evidence-based performance supplements. However, it is important that any decisions surrounding performance supplements are made in consideration of robust information that suggests the use of a product is safe, legal, and effective. The following review focuses on the current evidence-base for a number of common (and emerging) performance supplements used in sport. The supplements discussed here are separated into three categories based on the level of evidence supporting their use for enhancing sports performance: (1) established (caffeine, creatine, nitrate, beta-alanine, bicarbonate); (2) equivocal (citrate, phosphate, carnitine); and (3) developing. Within each section, the relevant performance type, the potential mechanisms of action, and the most common protocols used in the supplement dosing schedule are summarized.
除了定制的、分阶段的训练和营养计划外，坚实的体能基础和特定运动项目的经验对于运动员的发展至关重要。一旦考虑到这些基础因素，并且运动员达到了训练成熟度和竞争水平，此时微小的进步就能决定成败，那么使用基于证据的性能增强补充剂可能会发挥作用。然而，重要的是，任何关于性能增强补充剂的决策都应基于可靠的信息，这些信息表明产品的使用是安全、合法且有效的。以下综述聚焦于一些在运动中常用的（以及新兴的）性能增强补充剂的当前证据基础。这里讨论的补充剂根据支持其用于提高运动表现的证据水平分为三类：（1）已确立的（咖啡因、肌酸、硝酸盐、β-丙氨酸、碳酸氢盐）；（2）存在争议的（柠檬酸盐、磷酸盐、肉碱）；（3）正在发展中的。在每个部分中，总结了相关的性能类型、潜在作用机制以及补充剂给药方案中最常用的方案。
