a Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension , University of Fort Hare , Alice , South Africa.
b Department of Agronomy , University of Fort Hare , Alice , South Africa.
GM Crops Food. 2019;10(1):1-11. doi: 10.1080/21645698.2019.1580127. Epub 2019 Mar 27.
The objective of the study was to establish the factors that have significant correlation with the increase in adoption and intensity of adoption of genetically modified (GM) maize varieties. The study utilized a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative survey of smallholder dry maize producers. Multiple purposive sampling was utilized in the selection of 704 respondents and semi-structured interviews and pre-coded questionnaires were adopted as data collection instruments. The study sites were Mqanduli, Port St Johns and Flagstaff in King Sabatha Dalindyebo, Port St Johns and Ingquza Hill Local Municipalities in OR Tambo District Municipality. Through a Cragg's double hurdle model, the study revealed that level of education (1% level), membership to a farmer group (5% level), access to extension services and farm size (5% level) had significant positive influence on the decision to adopt GM maize. Intensity of use of GM maize was positively influenced by membership to a farmers group (5% level), access to extension services (5% level) and farm size (1% level). The study concluded that being part of a farmer organization, education, access to extension services and farm size were the most significant determinants in the dual decision to adopt GM maize and the intensity of utilization of GM maize. The study recommends awareness in line with the implemented policies and GM information dissemination toward farmer groups be promoted. The study also recommends that a balance be struck between optimization of land size devoted to GM maize and its subsequent adoption and extensive use thereof.
本研究旨在确定与转基因（GM）玉米品种的采用和采用强度增加相关的因素。该研究采用了横断面、描述性和定量调查的方法，对小型旱地玉米生产者进行了研究。采用多目的抽样方法选择了 704 名受访者，并采用半结构化访谈和预编码问卷作为数据收集工具。研究地点位于 King Sabatha Dalindyebo 的 Mqanduli、Port St Johns 和 Flagstaff，以及 OR Tambo 区的 Port St Johns 和 Ingquza Hill 地方自治市。通过 Cragg 的双重障碍模型，研究表明，教育水平（1%水平）、加入农民组织（5%水平）、获得推广服务和农场规模（5%水平）对采用 GM 玉米的决策有显著的积极影响。GM 玉米的使用强度受到加入农民组织（5%水平）、获得推广服务（5%水平）和农场规模（1%水平）的积极影响。研究得出结论，加入农民组织、教育、获得推广服务和农场规模是决定是否采用 GM 玉米以及 GM 玉米利用强度的最重要因素。本研究建议宣传与实施政策和 GM 信息传播相一致，向农民组织推广。研究还建议在优化用于 GM 玉米的土地面积及其随后的采用和广泛使用之间取得平衡。
