Gong An Tong, Kamboj Sunjeev K, Curran Helen Valerie
Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Front Psychiatry. 2019 Mar 13;10:92. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00092. eCollection 2019.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance consumption commonly co-occur in victims of sexual assault. Substance consumption can occur pre- andi/or post-assault. Pre-assault substance consumption may have an impact on the subsequent development of PTSD. This review aims to provide an overview of current understanding of the effects of acute substance intoxication and chronic pre-assault problematic substance use on symptoms of PTSD amongst individuals who were victims of sexual assault. PsycINFO, EMBASE, and MEDLINE were searched using terms related to PTSD, sexual assault, and substance consumption. These yielded 2,121 articles, 268 of which were retrieved for more detailed evaluation and 13 of these met inclusion criteria and were appraised in full. Overall, the reviewed papers supported our hypothesis that acute substance intoxication and chronic pre-assault problematic substance use are associated with fewer initial PTSD symptoms but less improvement over time, resulting in slower overall PTSD recovery. They also highlighted post-assault characterological self-blame and negative social reactions as mediators of recovery in the context of pre-assault substance consumption. Acute substance intoxication and chronic pre-assault problematic substance use appear to have an impact on the development of PTSD symptoms amongst victims of sexual assault. The importance of developing early interventions and routine screening and assessment for PTSD and pre-assault substance consumption is emphasized. The limited research on male victims and on substances other than alcohol is highlighted.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）与物质使用在性侵犯受害者中通常同时出现。物质使用可能发生在性侵犯之前和/或之后。性侵犯前的物质使用可能会对创伤后应激障碍的后续发展产生影响。本综述旨在概述目前对急性物质中毒和性侵犯前长期存在的问题性物质使用对性侵犯受害者创伤后应激障碍症状影响的理解。使用与创伤后应激障碍、性侵犯和物质使用相关的术语在PsycINFO、EMBASE和MEDLINE数据库中进行检索。检索到2121篇文章，其中268篇被检索出来进行更详细的评估，其中13篇符合纳入标准并进行了全面评估。总体而言，综述论文支持了我们的假设，即急性物质中毒和性侵犯前长期存在的问题性物质使用与最初较少的创伤后应激障碍症状相关，但随着时间推移改善较少，导致创伤后应激障碍总体恢复较慢。它们还强调了性侵犯后的性格自责和负面社会反应是性侵犯前物质使用背景下恢复的中介因素。急性物质中毒和性侵犯前长期存在的问题性物质使用似乎对性侵犯受害者创伤后应激障碍症状的发展有影响。强调了开展早期干预以及对创伤后应激障碍和性侵犯前物质使用进行常规筛查和评估的重要性。突出了对男性受害者以及除酒精以外的其他物质的研究有限。
