Peter-Hagene Liana C, Ullman Sarah E
Psychology Department.
Criminology, Law, and Justice Department, University of Illinois at Chicago.
Psychol Trauma. 2015 Mar;7(2):162-70. doi: 10.1037/a0037304. Epub 2014 Aug 18.
Using cluster analysis, we investigated the effects of assault characteristics (i.e., level of violence, subjective distress, alcohol consumption, perpetrator identity) on PTSD symptoms, and whether these effects are mediated by postassault social and psychological reactions. A large community sample of women sexual assault survivors completed 2 mail surveys at a 1-year interval. In line with prior research, cluster analyses revealed the existence of 3 general categories of sexual assault, which we described as "high violence," "alcohol-related," and "moderate sexual severity." Alcohol-related assaults resulted in fewer PTSD symptoms than high-violence assaults at Time 1, but not at Time 2. Alcohol-related and violent assaults resulted in more PTSD symptoms than moderate-severity assaults at both times. The effect of assault-characteristics clusters on Time 2 PTSD was mediated by Time 1 self-blame and turning against social reactions. The importance of considering effects of violence and alcohol consumption during the assault to better understand postassault PTSD, including implications for theory and practice, are discussed.
我们运用聚类分析方法，研究了攻击特征（即暴力程度、主观痛苦、饮酒情况、施暴者身份）对创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状的影响，以及这些影响是否通过攻击后的社会和心理反应介导。一个由遭受性侵犯的女性组成的大型社区样本，每隔1年完成2次邮寄调查。与先前的研究一致，聚类分析揭示了性侵犯存在3种一般类别，我们将其描述为“高暴力”、“与酒精相关”和“中等性严重程度”。在时间1时，与酒精相关的攻击导致的PTSD症状比高暴力攻击少，但在时间2时并非如此。在两个时间点上，与酒精相关的攻击和暴力攻击导致的PTSD症状都比中等严重程度攻击多。攻击特征聚类对时间2的PTSD的影响是由时间1的自责和敌视社会反应介导的。本文讨论了考虑攻击期间暴力和饮酒影响对于更好地理解攻击后PTSD的重要性，包括对理论和实践的启示。
