Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota, United States of America.
School of Sociology, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
PLoS One. 2019 Mar 28;14(3):e0214394. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214394. eCollection 2019.
With worldwide prevalence rates between 10% and 20%, mental illness in children and adolescents is an issue for which culturally sensitive screening tools are needed. The Strengths & Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a commonly used measure that has been translated into numerous languages, although some research suggests issues with cross-cultural validity. Only four other studies have tested the Spanish-language SDQ in Latin America. In this study, we aimed to help fill this gap by assessing the factor structure of the parent or teacher version of the Spanish-language SDQ (for children ages 4-17) with 967 parent or other caregiver respondents of primary school-aged children (ages 4 to 17) in the Department of Intibucá, Honduras. When unable to find a good fitting factor model previously identified in the literature, we conducted split sample exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), along with measurement invariance testing with the best fitting EFA-extracted model based on gender for caregiver respondent and child gender. Results showed that while many EFA models had a good fit, CFI and TLI was < .90 for all extracted models when confirmed in the second sample with CFA. We then modified the best fitting extracted three-factor, 24-item model, which dropped item 15, by allowing select item residuals to correlate, increasing CFI and TLI to > .90 for female child gender. This modified three-factor model was partially invariant for configural and scalar models between child genders. Configural and scalar models would not converge for adult genders. Of note, metric models were not produced in Mplus related to items' cross-loading on more than one factor. These findings suggest that the SDQ Spanish language parent or teacher version may not perform optimally cross-culturally in this area of Honduras. Future research should confirm these findings with other Honduran populations.
儿童和青少年精神疾病的全球患病率在 10%至 20%之间，因此需要使用对文化敏感的筛查工具。《长处和困难问卷》（SDQ）是一种常用的测量工具，已经被翻译成多种语言，但一些研究表明其存在跨文化有效性的问题。仅有四项其他研究在拉丁美洲测试了西班牙语版的 SDQ。在这项研究中，我们旨在通过评估西班牙语版 SDQ 家长或教师版（适用于 4-17 岁儿童）的因子结构来填补这一空白，该研究共纳入了洪都拉斯因蒂布卡省 967 名小学生（4-17 岁）的家长或其他照顾者。当无法找到文献中先前确定的良好拟合因子模型时，我们进行了分割样本探索性因子分析（EFA）和验证性因子分析（CFA），并根据性别对照顾者和儿童的性别进行了最佳拟合 EFA 提取模型的测量不变性测试。结果表明，虽然许多 EFA 模型拟合良好，但当在第二个样本中使用 CFA 对所有提取模型进行确认时，CFI 和 TLI 均<0.90。然后，我们修改了最佳拟合的三因子、24 项模型，删除了第 15 项，通过允许选择项目残差相关，将 CFI 和 TLI 提高到女性儿童性别>0.90。该修改后的三因子模型在儿童性别之间的组态和标量模型上具有部分不变性。成人性别无法收敛配置和标量模型。值得注意的是，在 Mplus 中没有针对项目在多个因子上的交叉负荷生成度量模型。这些发现表明，SDQ 西班牙语家长或教师版在洪都拉斯的这一地区可能无法在跨文化方面表现最佳。未来的研究应在其他洪都拉斯人群中确认这些发现。
