Soil Science, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran.
Agriculture Department, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
Environ Monit Assess. 2019 Mar 30;191(4):257. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7393-4.
In order to study the effect of biochar application as simple and enriched, on the soil nutrients status in the salinity conditions, a research was conducted as a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The biochar (grape pruning residues) was applied in three levels (0, 2% biochar, and 2% enriched biochar by rock phosphate and cow manure). Also, the salinity treatment was considered in three levels (2, 4.5, and 9 dSm). After treating the soil, it was incubated in polyethylene containers for a 70-day period at 25 °C and 70% field capacity moisture regime. The results showed that salinity significantly affected the soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), calcium, magnesium, sodium, basal respiration, and nitrifying bacteria frequency (P < 0.001) and chloride concentration (P < 0.01). Also, the biochar significantly affected the pH, organic carbon, concentration of total nitrogen, phosphorous, solution potassium, sodium, iron, zinc, copper, basal respiration, and nitrifying bacteria frequency (P < 0.001) of the soil. The interaction effect of biochar and salinity levels was significant on soil sodium concentration (P < 0.01) and pH (P < 0.05). In comparison with the control treatment, the enriched biochar, decreased soil pH (about 1.4%) and increased the phosphorous, iron, and zinc up to 36%, 29%, and 36%, respectively and simple biochar increased the Nitrogen and Potassium up to 46% and 48%, respectively. In general, it was concluded that both types of the biochars lowered the sodium concentration of the soil in different salinity levels due to high potential of biochar for sodium absorption which this ability may be considered in saline soils remediation.
为了研究生物炭的应用（简单添加和富集添加）对盐渍条件下土壤养分状况的影响，进行了一项基于完全随机设计（CRD）的三因素试验，有三个重复。生物炭（葡萄修剪残余物）以三个水平（0、2%生物炭和 2%富磷生物炭和牛粪）添加。此外，盐分处理考虑了三个水平（2、4.5 和 9 dSm）。在处理土壤后，将其在聚乙烯容器中于 25°C 和 70%田间持水量的水分条件下培养 70 天。结果表明，盐度显著影响土壤 pH 值、电导率（EC）、钙、镁、钠、基础呼吸和硝化细菌频率（P<0.001）和氯离子浓度（P<0.01）。此外，生物炭显著影响土壤 pH 值、有机碳、总氮浓度、磷、溶液钾、钠、铁、锌、铜、基础呼吸和硝化细菌频率（P<0.001）。生物炭和盐度水平的交互作用对土壤钠浓度（P<0.01）和 pH 值（P<0.05）有显著影响。与对照处理相比，富磷生物炭降低了土壤 pH 值（约 1.4%），增加了磷、铁和锌，分别增加了 36%、29%和 36%，而简单生物炭则将氮和钾分别增加了 46%和 48%。总的来说，由于生物炭对钠离子的高吸收潜力，两种类型的生物炭都降低了不同盐度水平下土壤的钠离子浓度，这一能力可以考虑用于盐渍土壤修复。
