Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Mar 1;581-582:601-611. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.169. Epub 2017 Jan 4.
A large number of soils, worldwide, are acid (normally pH<5.5) and suffering from on-going soil acidification. Acid soils or soils undergoing acidification generally have low fertility and low crop productivity. Biochars have been reported to be of potential value in agriculture for improving soil properties and in reducing the hazards caused by soil acidification and in naturally acidic soils. However, the ameliorant effects of biochars on acid soils and the mechanisms involved have not previously been critically reviewed. Here we summarize the phenomena, and mechanisms involved in the improvement of soil acidity by biochars, the alleviation of aluminum toxicity, the enhancement of nutrient availability, and changes in nitrification by collating data in the literature. In addition, the agronomic effectiveness and environmental concerns in the incorporation of biochar and other soil additives (i.e. lime, industrial by-products, organic wastes and plant residues) to acid soils are systemically compared. We conclude that biochar is a potentially effective amendment to reverse or to prevent acidification in acid soils. Finally, perspectives for further research in terms of soil acidification are presented to address some issues that are still poorly understood and/or highly controversial.
全球范围内有大量土壤呈酸性（通常 pH 值<5.5），并遭受持续的土壤酸化。酸性土壤或正在酸化的土壤通常肥力低，作物生产力低。生物炭已被报道在农业中具有潜在的价值，可以改善土壤性质，减少土壤酸化和自然酸性土壤造成的危害。然而，生物炭对酸性土壤的改良效果及其涉及的机制尚未得到严格审查。在这里，我们总结了生物炭改善土壤酸度、缓解铝毒、提高养分有效性以及硝化作用变化的现象和机制，通过整理文献中的数据。此外，还系统地比较了将生物炭和其他土壤添加剂（即石灰、工业副产品、有机废物和植物残渣）掺入酸性土壤的农艺效果和环境问题。我们得出的结论是，生物炭是一种潜在有效的改良剂，可以逆转或防止酸性土壤的酸化。最后，提出了进一步研究土壤酸化的观点，以解决一些仍未被充分理解和/或存在高度争议的问题。
