CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Nutrients. 2019 Mar 30;11(4):754. doi: 10.3390/nu11040754.
Nut consumption has been associated with improved nutrient adequacy and diet quality in healthy adult populations but this association has never been explored in individuals at high cardiovascular risk.
to assess the associations between consumption of nuts and nutrient adequacy and diet quality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.
baseline assessment of nutritional adequacy in participants ( = 6060, men and women, with ages 55⁻75 years old, with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome) in the PREDIMED-PLUS primary cardiovascular prevention randomized trial.
nut intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Participants who reported consuming zero quantity of nuts were classified as 'non-nut consumers'. 'Nut consumers' were participants who reported consuming any quantity of nuts. Nineteen micronutrients were examined (vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, A, C, D, E and folic acid; Ca, K, P, Mg, Fe, Se, Cr, Zn, and iodine). The proportion of micronutrient inadequacy was estimated using the estimated average requirements (EAR) or adequate intake (AI) cut-points. Diet quality was also assessed using a 17-item Mediterranean dietary questionnaire (Mediterranean diet score, MDS), a carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and a fat quality index (FQI).
eighty-two percent of participants were nut consumers (median of nut consumption 12.6 g/day; interquartile range: 6.0⁻25.2). Nut consumers were less likely to be below the EAR for vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, D, E, folic acid, and Ca, Mg, Se and Zn than non-nut consumers. Nut consumers were also more likely to be above the AI for K and Cr than non-nut consumers. Nut consumers had lower prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intakes, but also higher CQI, higher FQI, and better scores of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Mediterranean diet score, MDS).
nut consumers had better nutrient adequacy, diet quality, and adherence to the MedDiet than those non-nut consumers.
坚果的摄入与健康成年人营养充足度和饮食质量的改善有关，但这种关联从未在心血管疾病高危人群中进行过研究。
评估在心血管疾病高危的地中海人群中，坚果的摄入量与营养充足度和饮食质量之间的关系。
在 PREDIMED-PLUS 主要心血管预防随机试验中，对参与者（=6060 名年龄在 55-75 岁之间的男性和女性，超重/肥胖和代谢综合征）进行基线营养充足度评估。
使用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估坚果摄入量。报告食用零数量坚果的参与者被归类为“非坚果消费者”。“坚果消费者”是指报告食用任何数量坚果的参与者。检查了 19 种微量营养素（维生素 B1、B2、B3、B6、B12、A、C、D、E 和叶酸；Ca、K、P、Mg、Fe、Se、Cr、Zn 和碘）。使用估计平均需求量（EAR）或充足摄入量（AI）切点估计微量营养素不足的比例。还使用 17 项地中海饮食问卷（地中海饮食评分，MDS）、碳水化合物质量指数（CQI）和脂肪质量指数（FQI）评估饮食质量。
82%的参与者为坚果消费者（坚果平均摄入量为 12.6 克/天；四分位间距：6.0-25.2）。与非坚果消费者相比，坚果消费者维生素 A、B1、B2、B6、C、D、E、叶酸、Ca、Mg、Se 和 Zn 的 EAR 不足的可能性较小。与非坚果消费者相比，坚果消费者的 K 和 Cr 的 AI 更高。坚果消费者的微量营养素摄入不足的患病率较低，但 CQI、FQI 和对地中海饮食（地中海饮食评分，MDS）的依从性更高。
与非坚果消费者相比，坚果消费者的营养充足度、饮食质量和对地中海饮食的依从性更好。
