Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
Eur J Nutr. 2016 Feb;55(1):93-106. doi: 10.1007/s00394-014-0828-3. Epub 2015 Jan 24.
To investigate the association between carbohydrate quality, fat quality or adherence to the Mediterranean diet and intake adequacy of 19 micronutrients in the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) trial, a multicenter, randomized, controlled, parallel group and primary prevention trial conducted in Spain.
We assessed baseline dietary intake of 6,542 elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk through a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a validated 14-item Mediterranean diet (Med-diet) score. We used a multidimensional carbohydrate quality index (CQI) using four criteria and a fat quality index (FQI) according to the ratio (MUFA + PUFA)/(SFA + TFA). The probability of intake adequacy was calculated comparing the intakes to DRI, and also using the probabilistic approach. Absolute and adjusted probability of having inadequate intake for either ≥6 DRI or ≥8 DRI were estimated to assess nutritional adequacy according to quintiles of each index.
The lowest prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake (≥8 DRI) was found in the highest quintile of CQI or Med-diet score, and in the lowest quintile of FQI (adjusted fold risk: 1.4, 3.4 and 10.2 respectively in comparison with the lowest quintile). P for trend <0.001 in three multivariable models. A higher CQI or Med-Diet score and a lower FQI were significantly associated with a lower fold risk of unmet EAR values.
A multidimensional assessment of CQI can be a useful tool to evaluate the quality of carbohydrates. This score and a 14-item Med-diet score were positively related to overall micronutrient adequacy in elderly participants.
在西班牙进行的多中心、随机、对照、平行组和一级预防试验 PREDIMED（预防地中海饮食）试验中，研究碳水化合物质量、脂肪质量或遵循地中海饮食与 19 种微量营养素摄入充足性的关联。
我们通过验证的食物频率问卷 (FFQ) 和验证的 14 项地中海饮食 (Med-diet) 评分评估了 6542 名高心血管风险的老年受试者的基线饮食摄入量。我们使用了一个多维碳水化合物质量指数 (CQI)，使用了四个标准和一个根据比例 (MUFA+PUFA)/(SFA+TFA) 的脂肪质量指数 (FQI)。通过与 DRI 比较摄入来计算摄入充足的概率，并使用概率方法。根据每个指数的五分位数评估营养素充足性，估计摄入不足的绝对和调整概率（≥6 DRI 或≥8 DRI）。
在 CQI 或 Med-diet 评分最高五分位数或 FQI 最低五分位数中，发现微量营养素摄入不足（≥8 DRI）的患病率最低（与最低五分位数相比，调整后的折叠风险分别为 1.4、3.4 和 10.2）。三个多变量模型中的 P<0.001。较高的 CQI 或 Med-Diet 评分和较低的 FQI 与未满足 EAR 值的较低折叠风险显著相关。
多维 CQI 评估可以成为评估碳水化合物质量的有用工具。该评分和 14 项 Med-diet 评分与老年参与者的整体微量营养素充足性呈正相关。
