Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 May;26(15):15559-15572. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04993-7. Epub 2019 Apr 3.
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent widely used as anticancer drug, reported to exert cytotoxic effects attributed to oxidative stress. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the protective effect of ethanolic extract of garlic (EEG) against cyclophosphamide (Cyp)-induced hematological disturbance and immunosuppressive and hepatotoxic effects. Forty male Wistar albino rats were randomized into four equal groups: the normal control one, the Cyp-treated group (50 mg/kg BW/IM, once weekly), the EEG-treated group (300 mg/kg BW, orally, daily), and the Cyp & EEG group. All rats received their relevant treatments for four consecutive weeks. This study revealed that Cyp significantly decreased erythrocyte count, hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts. However, the counts of neutrophils, eosinophils, and toxic neutrophils were elevated. Additionally, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and levels of liver and renal biomarkers were significantly elevated in the Cyp-treated group. Otherwise, hepatic catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly lower than the control rats. Furthermore, Cyp significantly reduced whole blood respiratory burst activity (NBT), serum lysozyme and bactericidal activities, interlukin-12 (IL-12), and interferon-γ. In contrast, the levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interlukin-1β (IL-1β) were elevated. Additionally, Cyp induced hepatic and renal histopathological alterations. Data in the present study demonstrated that EEG has immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects and has the ability to diminish the alterations induced by Cyp.
环磷酰胺是一种广泛应用于抗癌药物的烷化剂，据报道具有细胞毒性作用，归因于氧化应激。因此，本研究旨在探讨大蒜乙醇提取物（EEG）对环磷酰胺（Cyp）诱导的血液学紊乱、免疫抑制和肝毒性的保护作用。40 只雄性 Wistar 白化大鼠随机分为四组：正常对照组、Cyp 处理组（50mg/kg BW/IM，每周一次）、EEG 处理组（300mg/kg BW，口服，每日一次）和 Cyp & EEG 组。所有大鼠连续四周接受相关治疗。本研究表明，Cyp 显著降低红细胞计数、血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞压积（PCV）以及总白细胞和淋巴细胞计数。然而，中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和毒性中性粒细胞的计数增加。此外，Cyp 处理组的肝丙二醛（MDA）和肝肾功能标志物水平显著升高。相反，肝组织过氧化氢酶（CAT）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和血清总抗氧化能力（TAC）显著低于对照组大鼠。此外，Cyp 显著降低全血呼吸爆发活性（NBT）、血清溶菌酶和杀菌活性、白细胞介素-12（IL-12）和干扰素-γ。相反，一氧化氮（NO）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）的水平升高。此外，Cyp 引起肝和肾组织病理学改变。本研究数据表明，EEG 具有免疫调节和抗氧化作用，并能减轻 Cyp 引起的改变。
