CNRS, Laboratory of Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Division of Zoology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Drug Chem Toxicol. 2021 Jan;44(1):12-29. doi: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1567757. Epub 2019 Apr 4.
To address and to compare the respective impact of gold and silver nanoparticles (Au and Ag NPs) in soil invertebrate, the earthworm was exposed to soil containing 2, 10, and 50 mg/kg of Au and Ag in both nanoparticulate and ionic forms for 10 days. Both metal NPs were 2-15 times less bioavailable than their ionic forms, and displayed similar transfer coefficients from soil to earthworm tissues. Both metal NPs triggered the onset of an oxidative stress as illustrated by increased glutathione S-transferase levels, decreased catalase levels, and increased malondialdehyde concentrations. Protein carbonylation distinguished the nanoparticular from the ionic forms as its increase was observed only after exposure to the highest concentration of both metal NPs. Au and Ag NPs triggered DNA modifications even at the lowest concentration, and both repressed the expression of genes involved in the general defense and stress response at high concentrations as did their ionic counterparts. Despite the fact that both metal NPs were less bioavailable than their ionic forms, at equivalent concentrations accumulated within earthworms tissues they exerted equal or higher toxic potential than their ionic counterparts. At equivalent concentrations accumulated within earthworm tissues Au and Ag NPs exert equal or higher toxic potential than their ionic forms.
为了研究和比较金和银纳米粒子（Au 和 Ag NPs）在土壤无脊椎动物中的各自影响，将蚯蚓暴露于含有 2、10 和 50mg/kg 的 Au 和 Ag 的纳米颗粒和离子形式的土壤中 10 天。两种金属纳米粒子的生物可利用性均比其离子形式低 2-15 倍，并且从土壤到蚯蚓组织的转移系数相似。两种金属纳米粒子都引发了氧化应激，表现为谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶水平升高、过氧化氢酶水平降低和丙二醛浓度升高。蛋白质羰基化将纳米颗粒与离子形式区分开来，因为只有在暴露于两种金属纳米粒子的最高浓度后才观察到其增加。即使在最低浓度下，Au 和 Ag NPs 也会引发 DNA 修饰，并且在高浓度下，它们会像其离子形式一样抑制参与一般防御和应激反应的基因的表达。尽管两种金属纳米粒子的生物可利用性均低于其离子形式，但在相当于在蚯蚓组织中积累的浓度下，它们的毒性潜力与离子形式相同或更高。在相当于在蚯蚓组织中积累的浓度下，Au 和 Ag NPs 的毒性潜力与离子形式相同或更高。
