Castillo-Henríquez Luis, Alfaro-Aguilar Karla, Ugalde-Álvarez Jeisson, Vega-Fernández Laura, Montes de Oca-Vásquez Gabriela, Vega-Baudrit José Roberto
National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC), National Center for High Technology (CeNAT), San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica.
Chemistry School, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020 Sep 7;10(9):1763. doi: 10.3390/nano10091763.
Currently, metal nanoparticles have varied uses for different medical, pharmaceutical, and agricultural applications. Nanobiotechnology, combined with green chemistry, has great potential for the development of novel and necessary products that benefit human health, environment, and industries. Green chemistry has an important role due to its contribution to unconventional synthesis methods of gold and silver nanoparticles from plant extracts, which have exhibited antimicrobial potential, among other outstanding properties. Biodiversity-rich countries need to collect and convert knowledge from biological resources into processes, compounds, methods, and tools, which need to be achieved along with sustainable use and exploitation of biological diversity. Therefore, this paper describes the relevant reported green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles from plant extracts and their capacity as antimicrobial agents within the agricultural field for fighting against bacterial and fungal pathogens that can cause plant, waterborne, and foodborne diseases. Moreover, this work makes a brief review of nanoparticles' contribution to water treatment and the development of "environmentally-friendly" nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, and nanoherbicides, as well as presenting the harmful effects of nanoparticles accumulation in plants and soils.
目前，金属纳米粒子在不同的医学、制药和农业应用中有着多种用途。纳米生物技术与绿色化学相结合，在开发有益于人类健康、环境和工业的新型必需产品方面具有巨大潜力。绿色化学发挥着重要作用，因为它有助于利用植物提取物以非常规合成方法制备金和银纳米粒子，这些纳米粒子除了具有其他卓越性能外，还展现出抗菌潜力。生物多样性丰富的国家需要收集生物资源知识并将其转化为工艺、化合物、方法和工具，这需要在生物多样性的可持续利用和开发过程中得以实现。因此，本文描述了从植物提取物中绿色合成金和银纳米粒子的相关报道，以及它们作为抗菌剂在农业领域对抗可引发植物、水源性和食源性疾病的细菌和真菌病原体的能力。此外，这项工作简要回顾了纳米粒子在水处理以及“环境友好型”纳米肥料、纳米农药和纳米除草剂开发方面的贡献，并介绍了纳米粒子在植物和土壤中积累所产生的有害影响。
