Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) VA Capitol Health Care Network (VISN 5).
School of Psychological Sciences, University of Indianapolis.
Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2019 Dec;42(4):331-340. doi: 10.1037/prj0000353. Epub 2019 Apr 4.
Voice-hearers tend to face a high degree of stigma that can impact subjective well-being and social functioning. However, researchers have hypothesized that the content of the voice-hearing experience and its cultural context are relevant to stigma responses. This study experimentally tested how perceptions of voice-hearing experiences change as a function of the voice's content and the perceiver's characteristics.
In total, 143 nonclinical participants were presented with vignettes describing people who heard voices that were attributed to either "God" or "Abraham Lincoln" and were described as either complimentary/encouraging or insulting/threatening. For each vignette, participants were asked about the likelihood that the voice-hearer had schizophrenia or mental illness. The Causal Beliefs Questionnaire was also delivered, with two new subscales added to test for belief in positive and negative religious causes for the voices. Stigma was measured by perceived dangerousness and desire for social distance.
Voice-hearing experiences elicited greater stigma from participants who endorsed greater likelihood that the voice-hearer was mentally ill, greater belief in biological causes of the voice-hearing, negative religious causes, psychosocial causes, socialization causes, and causes related to personal responsibility. Endorsing positive religious causes was associated with lower stigma. Participants who were more religious were more likely to attribute voice-hearing experiences to negative religious causes (possession, lack of/misguided faith), except when the target was described as hearing the voice of God saying positive things.
The stigma of voice-hearing experiences depends upon what the voice is saying and perceptions about the cause of the voice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
幻听者往往面临着高度的耻辱感，这会影响他们的主观幸福感和社会功能。然而，研究人员假设幻听体验的内容及其文化背景与耻辱感的反应有关。本研究通过实验测试了随着声音内容和感知者特征的变化，对幻听体验的感知是如何变化的。
共有 143 名非临床参与者阅读了描述听到声音的情景描述，这些声音归因于“上帝”或“亚伯拉罕·林肯”，并被描述为赞美/鼓励或侮辱/威胁。对于每个情景描述，参与者被问到幻听者患有精神分裂症或精神疾病的可能性。还提供了因果信念问卷，其中增加了两个新的子量表来测试对声音产生的积极和消极宗教原因的信念。耻辱感通过感知到的危险性和对社会距离的渴望来衡量。
幻听体验引起了参与者更大的耻辱感，他们认为幻听者患有精神疾病的可能性更大，对声音产生的生物原因、消极宗教原因、心理社会原因、社会化原因和与个人责任有关的原因的信念更强。对积极宗教原因的认可与较低的耻辱感有关。更虔诚的参与者更有可能将幻听体验归因于消极的宗教原因（附身、缺乏/错误的信仰），除非目标被描述为听到上帝说积极的话。
幻听体验的耻辱感取决于声音在说什么以及对声音原因的看法。（APA，2019 年，所有权利保留）。
