Department of Advanced Production Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019 Jul;100:475-484. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.020. Epub 2019 Mar 8.
Calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings were electrochemically deposited on titanium substrates. By increasing the electrodeposition time (from 1 to 30 min), the coating thickness increases but also the surface morphology of the CaP coatings is greatly affected going from smooth to plate-like, featuring elongated plates, ribbon-like and finally sharp needle structures. Micro-stretch tests reveal that, regardless of the coating morphology and thickness, the electrodeposited CaP coatings have strong adhesion with the titanium substrates and their failure mode is cohesive failure. The effects of different morphologies on cellular behavior such as adhesion, viability, proliferation, and osteogenic gene expression were studied. The surface morphology of CaP coatings has a remarkable effect on cell attachment, proliferation, and viability. A smooth surface results in better adhesion of the cells, whereas the presence of sharp needles and ribbons on rough surfaces restricts cell adhesion and consequently cell proliferation and viability. The improved cell adhesion and viability on the smoother surface can be attributed to the higher contact area between the cell and the coating, while the needle-like morphology inflicts damage to the cells by physically disrupting the cell wall. There is no significant difference in the level of osteoblast gene expression when osteosarcoma cells are cultured on coatings with different morphologies. Our study provides crucial insights into the optimum electrodeposition procedures for CaP coating formation leading to both good cell-material interaction and sufficient mechanical properties. This can be achieved with relatively thin coatings produced by short electrodeposition times.
钙磷（CaP）涂层通过电化学沉积在钛基体上。通过增加电沉积时间（从 1 分钟到 30 分钟），涂层厚度增加，但 CaP 涂层的表面形貌也会发生很大变化，从光滑变为板状，具有细长的板、带状，最后是尖锐的针状结构。微拉伸测试表明，无论涂层的形态和厚度如何，电沉积的 CaP 涂层与钛基体具有很强的附着力，其失效模式为内聚失效。研究了不同形态对细胞行为（如粘附、活力、增殖和成骨基因表达）的影响。CaP 涂层的表面形态对细胞附着、增殖和活力有显著影响。光滑的表面有利于细胞的附着，而粗糙表面上尖锐的针状和带状结构限制了细胞的附着，从而限制了细胞的增殖和活力。在更光滑的表面上，细胞的粘附和活力得到改善，这可以归因于细胞与涂层之间更高的接触面积，而针状形态通过物理破坏细胞壁对细胞造成损伤。当成骨肉瘤细胞在具有不同形态的涂层上培养时，成骨细胞基因表达的水平没有显著差异。我们的研究为 CaP 涂层形成的最佳电沉积工艺提供了重要的见解，这可以实现良好的细胞-材料相互作用和足够的机械性能。这可以通过较短的电沉积时间产生相对较薄的涂层来实现。
