State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, P.R. China.
Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, P.R. China.
Sci Rep. 2019 Apr 4;9(1):5653. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42039-7.
The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer deep in soil at the same time as mechanical transplanting of rice seedlings is an effective alternative to conventional broadcasting of fertilizer, but its effects on yields and profitability have not been analysed in detail. Here, we analysed the effects of a side deep application of N fertilizer at transplanting on the N uptake, N use efficiency (NUE), grain yield, and economic profitability of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars; Yongxian15 (early season) and Yongyou1540 (middle/late season). In the field experiments, two types of N fertilizer (urea (U) and controlled-release urea (CRU)) were surface broadcasted manually (B) or mechanically fertilized at 5.5 ± 0.5 cm soil depth (M) (UB, UM, and CRUM treatments, respectively). The blank control had no N fertilizer (N0). Each N-fertilizer treatment had similar effects on N uptake, grain yield, NUE, and economic profitability in the early, middle, and late seasons. Compared with manually applied fertilizer, mechanically applied fertilizer increased grain yield and NUE in both cultivars. In Yongxian15 and Yongyou1540, the mechanical side deep application of N-fertilizer increased the N recovery efficiency by 62.50-91.57% and 24.38-64.24%, respectively, the N agronomy efficiency by 33.65-63.14% and 22.64-44.70%, respectively; and the grain yield by 6.30-11.64% and 6.23-13.11%, respectively. The CRUM treatments had the highest benefit-cost ratio because of high gross returns and low fertilization costs. The mechanized side deep application of N fertilizer can increase the efficiency and profitability of rice production.
氮（N）肥深施与水稻机插同步进行是替代常规撒施肥料的有效方法，但尚未对其增产增效的效果进行深入分析。本研究采用大田试验，以甬优 15（早稻）和甬优 1540（中晚稻）两个水稻品种为材料，分析了水稻机插同步侧深施氮肥对氮素吸收、氮肥利用率、产量和经济效益的影响。在田间试验中，将两种氮肥（尿素（U）和控释尿素（CRU））分别进行人工表施（B）和机械深施（M）[UB、UM 和 CRUM 处理]。空白对照（N0）不施氮肥。各氮肥处理对早、中、晚季的氮素吸收、产量、氮肥利用率和经济效益的影响相似。与人工施肥相比，机械施肥提高了两个品种的产量和氮肥利用率。在甬优 15 和甬优 1540 中，机械侧深施氮肥分别提高了氮素回收率 62.50-91.57%和 24.38-64.24%，氮农学效率 33.65-63.14%和 22.64-44.70%，产量 6.30-11.64%和 6.23-13.11%。由于较高的总收益和较低的施肥成本，CRUM 处理具有最高的效益成本比。水稻机插同步侧深施氮肥可以提高水稻生产的效率和经济效益。
