Anduaga-Beramendi Alexander, Beas Renato, Maticorena-Quevedo Jesus, Mayta-Tristán Percy
School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru.
Saf Health Work. 2019 Mar;10(1):80-86. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2018.08.004. Epub 2018 Aug 19.
Emigration of health-care workers is a problem within global health systems which affects many countries, including Peru. Several factors have caused health-care workers to emigrate, including burnout syndrome (BS). This study aims to identify the association between BS and its dimensions with the intention of physicians and nurses to emigrate from Peru in 2014.
A cross-sectional study, based on a secondary analysis of the National Survey of Health Users (ENSUSALUD - 2014) was conducted. Sampling was probabilistic, considering the 24 departments of Peru. We include the questionnaire for physicians and nurses, accounting for 5062 workers. BS was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) was calculated using multiple logistic regression.
Of the study population, 44.1% were physicians, 37.7% males, and 23.1% were working in Lima. It was found that 2.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.19-3.45] of health-care workers had BS. The overall prevalence of intention to emigrate among health-care workers was 7.4% (95% CI: 6.36-8.40). Association was found between BS and intention to emigrate in Peruvian health-care workers (OR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.05-4.40). Emotional exhaustion was the BS dimension most associated with intention to emigrate (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.16-2.78).
Physicians and nurses from Peru who suffered from BS were more likely to have intention to emigrate. Policies should be established to reduce BS as a strategy to control "brain drain" from health-care workers of Peru.
医护人员的移民是全球卫生系统中的一个问题，影响着包括秘鲁在内的许多国家。有几个因素导致医护人员移民，其中包括职业倦怠综合征（BS）。本研究旨在确定职业倦怠综合征及其维度与2014年秘鲁医生和护士移民意向之间的关联。
基于对全国卫生用户调查（ENSUSALUD - 2014）的二次分析进行了一项横断面研究。考虑到秘鲁的24个省份，抽样是概率性的。我们纳入了医生和护士的问卷，共涉及5062名工作人员。职业倦怠综合征通过马氏职业倦怠量表-人类服务调查进行测量。使用多元逻辑回归计算调整后的优势比（OR）。
在研究人群中，44.1%为医生，37.7%为男性，23.1%在利马工作。结果发现，2.8%[95%置信区间（CI）：2.19 - 3.45]的医护人员患有职业倦怠综合征。医护人员中移民意向的总体患病率为7.4%（95%CI：6.36 - 8.40）。在秘鲁医护人员中发现职业倦怠综合征与移民意向之间存在关联（OR = 2.15；95%CI：1.05 - 4.40）。情感耗竭是与移民意向最相关的职业倦怠综合征维度（OR = 1.80；95%CI：1.16 - 2.78）。
患有职业倦怠综合征的秘鲁医生和护士更有可能有移民意向。应制定政策以减少职业倦怠综合征，作为控制秘鲁医护人员“人才外流”的一项策略。
