Moncada R, Kotler M N, Churchill R J, Demos T C, Jacobs W, Steiner R M
Cardiovasc Clin. 1986;17(1):409-41.
In this chapter, three modalities--computed tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, and echocardiography--have been discussed. Each of these techniques offers unique advantages in the diagnosis of pericardial disease. Although echocardiography is the least expensive, most sensitive, and least invasive technique for the identification of pericardial effusion, false-positive and negative studies may be encountered. These are often resolved with the use of computed tomography and may be resolved with magnetic resonance imaging. Plain film radiography still has the advantage of identifying pericardial calcifications and will suggest the diagnosis of large pleural effusions at low cost and radiation dose. Exquisite portrayal of cross section anatomy using CT will aid in the diagnosis of multiple small tumor deposits and will clearly identify pericardial thickening. The value of magnetic resonance imaging awaits carefully controlled blinded studies, but its role in characterization of the content of pericardial effusions appears especially promising.
在本章中，已讨论了三种检查方法——计算机断层扫描、核磁共振成像和超声心动图。这些技术中的每一种在诊断心包疾病方面都具有独特的优势。尽管超声心动图是用于识别心包积液最经济、最敏感且侵入性最小的技术，但可能会出现假阳性和假阴性结果。这些问题通常可通过计算机断层扫描解决，也可能通过磁共振成像解决。普通X线摄影在识别心包钙化方面仍具有优势，并且能以低成本和低辐射剂量提示大量胸腔积液的诊断。利用计算机断层扫描对横截面解剖结构进行精细描绘将有助于诊断多个小肿瘤沉积物，并能清晰地识别心包增厚。磁共振成像的价值有待经过严格对照的盲法研究来确定，但其在心包积液内容物特征描述方面的作用似乎特别有前景。
