Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
J Youth Adolesc. 2019 Jul;48(7):1353-1364. doi: 10.1007/s10964-019-01017-y. Epub 2019 Apr 4.
Past research indicates that a history of depression and exposure to abuse and neglect represent some of the most robust predictors of depression in emerging adults. However, studies rarely test the additive or interactive risk associated with these distinct risk factors. In response, the present study explored how these three risk factors (prior depression, abuse, and neglect) synergistically predicted prospective depressive symptoms in a sample of 214 emerging adults (M = 21.4 years; SD = 2.4; 78% females). Subtypes of maltreatment and lifetime history of depression were assessed through semi-structured interviews, and depressive symptoms were assessed annually for three years via self-report measures. The results indicated that for both males and females, a lifetime history of depression, abuse, and neglect-exposure uniquely conferred risk for elevated depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the interaction between neglect and prior depression forecasted increasing depressive symptoms, and a history of abuse also predicted increasing depressive symptoms, but only in females. These findings are contextualized within extant developmental psychopathology theories, and translational implications for trauma-informed depression prevention efforts are discussed.
过去的研究表明，抑郁史以及遭受虐待和忽视是成年早期人群抑郁的最有力预测因素之一。然而，这些研究很少测试这些不同风险因素的附加或交互风险。有鉴于此，本研究通过对 214 名成年早期被试（M=21.4 岁，SD=2.4，78%为女性）的研究，探讨了这三个风险因素（既往抑郁、虐待和忽视）如何协同预测未来的抑郁症状。通过半结构化访谈评估了虐待的亚型和终生抑郁史，通过自我报告评估了三年内每年的抑郁症状。结果表明，对于男性和女性来说，终生抑郁史、虐待和忽视暴露都会导致抑郁症状升高。此外，忽视与既往抑郁之间的相互作用预测了抑郁症状的增加，而虐待史也预测了抑郁症状的增加，但仅在女性中如此。这些发现与现有的发展心理病理学理论相一致，并讨论了创伤知情的抑郁预防工作的转化意义。
