Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Division of Neuroanatomy, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2019 Aug;302(8):1261-1267. doi: 10.1002/ar.24126. Epub 2019 Apr 22.
Peripherally projecting neurons undergo significant morphological changes during development and regeneration. This neuroplasticity is controlled by growth factors, which bind specific membrane bound kinase receptors that in turn activate two major intracellular signal transduction cascades. Besides the PI3 kinase/AKT pathway, activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) plays a key role in regulating the mode and speed of peripheral axon outgrowth in the adult stage. Cell culture studies and animal models revealed that ERK signaling is mainly involved in elongative axon growth in vitro and long-distance nerve regeneration in vivo. Here, we review ERK dependent morphological plasticity in adult peripheral neurons and evaluate the therapeutic potential of interfering with regulators of ERK signaling to promote nerve regeneration. Anat Rec, 302:1261-1267, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
周围投射神经元在发育和再生过程中会经历显著的形态变化。这种神经可塑性受生长因子控制，生长因子与特定的膜结合激酶受体结合，进而激活两条主要的细胞内信号转导级联反应。除了 PI3 激酶/AKT 途径外，激活的细胞外信号调节激酶 (ERK) 在调节成年阶段外周轴突生长的模式和速度方面起着关键作用。细胞培养研究和动物模型表明，ERK 信号主要参与体外延伸轴突生长和体内长距离神经再生。在这里，我们综述了成年周围神经元中 ERK 依赖性形态可塑性，并评估了干扰 ERK 信号转导调节剂以促进神经再生的治疗潜力。解剖学记录，302:1261-1267, 2019。© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
