Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2019 Oct;60:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.03.001. Epub 2019 Apr 5.
The cortical force-generating machinery pulls on dynamic plus-ends of astral microtubules to control spindle position and orientation, which underlie division type specification and cellular patterning in many eukaryotic cells. A prior work identified cytoplasmic dynein, a minus-end directed microtubule motor, as a key conserved unit of the cortical force-generating machinery. Here, I summarize recent structural, biophysical, and cell-biological studies that advance our understanding of how dynein is activated and organized at the mitotic cell cortex to generate functional spindle-pulling forces. In addition, I introduce recent findings of dynein-independent or parallel mechanisms for achieving oriented cell division.
皮质力产生机制通过拉动星体微管的动态正端来控制纺锤体的位置和方向，这为许多真核细胞的分裂类型特化和细胞模式奠定了基础。先前的工作确定了胞质动力蛋白，一种指向微管负端的微管运动蛋白，是皮质力产生机制的关键保守单元。在这里，我总结了最近的结构、生物物理和细胞生物学研究，这些研究增进了我们对有丝分裂细胞皮质中动力蛋白如何被激活和组织以产生功能性纺锤体牵拉力的理解。此外，我还介绍了最近发现的与动力蛋白无关或平行的机制，用于实现定向细胞分裂。
