Pasion Rita, Prata Catarina, Fernandes Marisa, Almeida Rita, Garcez Helena, Araújo Carolina, Barbosa Fernando
Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 535, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
Rev Neurosci. 2019 Apr 6;30(7):781-794. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0116. Print 2019 Oct 25.
Despite the accumulated knowledge on antisocial behavior and the positive event-related potential peaking around 300 ms (P3), less is known about the preceding negative electrophysiological response around 200 ms (N2). A systematic search of the literature was conducted to analyze the N2 modulation across the antisocial spectrum. Thirty-seven studies (n = 1199) were retrieved to the quantitative analysis. Reduced N2 amplitudes were found in the more severe antisocial manifestations (violent behavior and antisocial personality disorder), which is consistent with previous findings on P3 alterations and N2 reduced amplitudes in externalizing disorders. Findings on psychopathy were mixed, also in accordance with previous P3 results. From a dimensional lens, this supports the heterogeneity of the psychopathic personality structure: impulsivity features are a closer attribute of antisocial behavior and thus may be associated with N2 reduction, while adaptive psychopathic traits may be associated with intact (or even increased) N2 amplitude. The increased N2 amplitudes observed in impulsive behavior challenge, however, the previous meta-analytic findings. As most of the studies on impulsivity include subclinical samples, it leads to the hypothesis that some compensatory mechanisms can still occur at a subclinical level, reflecting the need for heightened allocation of brain resources to yield similar performances. Importantly, inhibition was the core deficit to explain N2 blunted amplitudes, alongside with deficits in the frontal brain region. From our findings, the reduction in P3 amplitude across the antisocial spectrum may be detected in the previous N2 time window.
尽管关于反社会行为以及约300毫秒时出现峰值的正性事件相关电位（P3）已有大量知识积累，但对于约200毫秒时出现的先前负性电生理反应（N2）却知之甚少。我们对文献进行了系统检索，以分析反社会谱系中的N2调制情况。共检索到37项研究（n = 1199）用于定量分析。在更严重的反社会表现（暴力行为和反社会人格障碍）中发现N2波幅降低，这与先前关于外化障碍中P3改变和N2波幅降低的研究结果一致。关于精神病态的研究结果不一，这也与先前的P3研究结果相符。从维度角度来看，这支持了精神病态人格结构的异质性：冲动性特征是反社会行为更密切的属性，因此可能与N2降低有关，而适应性精神病态特征可能与完整（甚至增加）的N2波幅有关。然而，在冲动行为挑战中观察到的N2波幅增加对先前的荟萃分析结果提出了挑战。由于大多数关于冲动性的研究包括亚临床样本，这导致了一个假设，即一些补偿机制仍可在亚临床水平发生，反映出需要增加大脑资源分配以产生相似表现。重要的是，抑制是解释N2波幅减弱的核心缺陷，同时额叶脑区也存在缺陷。根据我们的研究结果，在反社会谱系中P3波幅的降低可能在先前的N2时间窗口中被检测到。
