Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2019 Jun;29(6):611-620. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.03.001. Epub 2019 Mar 12.
Whole grain (WG) food consumption is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and neurological diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the consumption of WG food and its major demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial and behavioral determinants in a general Italian population.
Data were from the Italian Nutrition & Health Survey (INHES), a telephone-based survey established in 2010-2013 including 9422 participants aged ≥5 years from all over Italy. WG food intake was assessed by the European Food Propensity Questionnaire and included bread, pasta, breakfast cereals, biscuits and WG soups. WG consumption was categorized as none, occasional (<1 time/week) and regular (≥1 time/week). Overall, 26.9% of the sample reported a regular consumption of WG food (27.2% of adults aged 20-97 y, and 21.9% of children/adolescents aged 5-19 y). In both age-groups, the major food source contributing to total WG intake was WG bread followed by WG pasta. Among adults, greater consumption of WG was associated with healthier lifestyle (e.g. sport activity), and higher educational level. Eating meals outside of the house in adults, and spending >2 h/day watching TV in children/adolescents were inversely associated with WG intake.
The percentage of WG consumers in Italy in 2010-2013 appears to be quite low and still below that recorded in other countries of Europe where consumption is frequently over 50 percent. WG consumption is likely to be influenced by socioeconomic status and is associated with a number of psychosocial factors, meal patterns and eating-related behaviors.
全谷物（WG）食品的消费与较低的心血管疾病、癌症和神经退行性疾病风险相关。本研究旨在评估意大利一般人群中 WG 食品的消费情况及其主要的人口统计学、社会经济、心理社会和行为决定因素。
数据来自意大利营养与健康调查（INHES），这是一项基于电话的调查，于 2010-2013 年在意大利各地进行，包括 9422 名年龄≥5 岁的参与者。WG 食品的摄入量通过欧洲食品倾向问卷进行评估，包括面包、意大利面、早餐麦片、饼干和 WG 汤。WG 的消费分为无、偶尔（<1 次/周）和经常（≥1 次/周）。总体而言，26.9%的样本报告经常食用 WG 食品（20-97 岁成年人中为 27.2%，5-19 岁儿童/青少年中为 21.9%）。在这两个年龄组中，对总 WG 摄入量贡献最大的食物来源是 WG 面包，其次是 WG 意大利面。在成年人中，更多的 WG 消费与更健康的生活方式（如体育活动）和更高的教育水平相关。在成年人中，外出就餐，以及儿童/青少年每天看电视超过 2 小时与 WG 摄入呈负相关。
2010-2013 年意大利 WG 消费者的比例似乎相当低，仍低于欧洲其他国家的记录，这些国家的消费经常超过 50%。WG 的消费可能受到社会经济地位的影响，并与许多心理社会因素、膳食模式和与饮食相关的行为相关。
