Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
Adv Nutr. 2021 Jun 1;12(3):600-608. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa172.
Healthy eating patterns, as described by dietary guidelines, typically favor whole grains, low-fat dairy, vegetables, fruit, legumes, and nuts and seeds. Nutrient-profiling (NP) models capture nutrient density of individual foods and can inform healthier food choices. Although whole grains are prominently featured in most dietary guidelines, they are not included in most NP models. Healthy foods, as identified by most NP models, are those that contain limited amounts of energy, saturated fat, total or added sugar, and sodium. As global dietary guidance turns to foods and food groups as opposed to individual nutrients, future nutrient-density metrics may need to do the same. Potential methods to incorporate whole grains into the overall concept of nutrient density and into selected NP models are outlined in this review. Incorporating whole grains into the Nutri-Score, Health Star Rating, or the Nutrient Rich Food index will require further analyses of dietary nutrient density in relation to health outcomes across diverse population subgroups. We present the rationale for how the inclusion of whole grains in NP models can assist in the implementation of dietary guidance.
健康的饮食模式，如饮食指南中所述，通常倾向于全谷物、低脂乳制品、蔬菜、水果、豆类、坚果和种子。营养分析（NP）模型可以捕捉到单个食物的营养密度，并为更健康的食物选择提供信息。尽管全麦食品在大多数饮食指南中都有突出的地位，但它们并不包含在大多数 NP 模型中。大多数 NP 模型确定的健康食品是那些含有有限能量、饱和脂肪、总糖或添加糖以及钠的食品。随着全球饮食指南转向关注食物和食物组，而不是单个营养素，未来的营养密度指标可能也需要这样做。本文综述了将全谷物纳入整体营养密度概念和特定 NP 模型的潜在方法。将全谷物纳入 Nutri-Score、Health Star Rating 或 Nutrient Rich Food index 需要进一步分析不同人群亚组中与健康结果相关的饮食营养素密度。我们提出了将全谷物纳入 NP 模型的基本原理，这有助于实施饮食指南。
