An Analysis of Cause of Stillbirth in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Delhi: A Contribution to the WHO SEARO Project.

BACKGROUND

Over 98% of the world's total stillbirths are believed to occur in developing countries and still have received very little research, programmatic or policy attention.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVE

To collect data on epidemiological profile of cases experiencing stillbirths, to assess the associated antenatal high risk factors present and to find out the probable cause of stillbirth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This was a cross-sectional, observational study, which was done as part of WHO SEARO project after ethical clearance. The study included all stillbirths which occurred in the hospital during the study period August 2015-February 2017. Antenatal records were reviewed; maternal investigations were done. Baby was examined after delivery. Pre-structured pro forma was filled for every case. Finally, the relevant condition found was classified under CODAC system of stillbirth classification.

RESULT

Out of 20,580 deliveries, 600 (2.9%) were stillborn. Maternal cause was noted in 145/600 (24.2%) cases, fetal cause was noted in 181/600 (30.2%), and placental and cord origins were suspected in 128/600 (21.3%) and 12/600 (2%) cases, respectively. In 72/600 (12.0%) cases the reason for stillbirth was unknown and unclassifiable. Among the maternal causes the most common was hypertension (89/600, 14.8%) followed by infection including fever (5.7%); the most common infection was hepatitis. Among the fetal causes birth defect was the most common (106/600, 17.7%) followed by extreme prematurity in 42/600 (7.0%).

CONCLUSION

Birth defects were the most important fetal cause of stillbirth; hypertension in pregnancy and fetal growth restriction were important associated factors.