Herbert D M, Gardner D R, Harbottle M, Hughes T G
Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK.
Mater Struct. 2018;51(4):97. doi: 10.1617/s11527-018-1222-z. Epub 2018 Jul 11.
Property owners are facing increasing threats from flooding and in response are likely to turn to products designed to waterproof or 'seal' the outside of the building in an effort to prevent the ingress of flood water. However, very limited research has been conducted on the effect of this sealing action and the consequent hydraulic load acting upon the structure of the building. The theoretical safe application of waterproofing products has been suggested to be between 0.6 and 1 m (published guidance suggests 0.9 m), although the experimental evidence supporting these suggestions is either absent or limited in nature. This paper presents the findings of an experimental programme that has examined the effect of out-of-plane hydrostatic loading on masonry walls typical of domestic or commercial buildings. The study, conducted at 1/6th scale using a geotechnical centrifuge considers wall panels constructed from a variety of masonry units (autoclaved aerated concrete block, brick and brick-block) bound together with two different types of mortar. The wall panels were subject to an axial load representative of 1 storey of loading and were simply supported on all 4 sides. The load-out-of-plane deflection response of the panels was captured by a 3D digital image correlation system, and the water level at failure was compared to that predicted from previous research and the established yield line analysis method with encouraging results. When partial material and load factors were taken into consideration the results illustrated that a safe sealing height of 0.9 m, as quoted in the literature, would generally be inappropriate, whilst the safe sealing height of 0.6 m was not suitable for every case investigated. This supports the need for a suitable approach for the calculation of water levels at failure rather than the use of fixed values given in published literature.
房产所有者正面临着越来越多来自洪水的威胁，作为应对措施，他们可能会转而使用旨在使建筑物外部防水或“密封”的产品，以防止洪水侵入。然而，关于这种密封作用的效果以及随之作用于建筑物结构的水力荷载的研究非常有限。防水产品的理论安全应用高度被建议在0.6至1米之间（已发表的指南建议为0.9米），尽管支持这些建议的实验证据要么不存在，要么在性质上有限。本文介绍了一个实验项目的研究结果，该项目研究了平面外静水荷载对典型的住宅或商业建筑砌体墙的影响。该研究使用土工离心机按1/6比例进行，考虑了由各种砌体单元（蒸压加气混凝土砌块、砖和砖砌块）用两种不同类型的砂浆粘结而成的墙板。墙板承受代表一层楼荷载的轴向荷载，并且在四边均为简支。通过三维数字图像相关系统捕捉墙板的平面外荷载挠度响应，并将破坏时的水位与先前研究预测的水位以及既定的屈服线分析方法预测的水位进行比较，结果令人鼓舞。当考虑部分材料和荷载系数时，结果表明，文献中引用的0.9米的安全密封高度通常不合适，而0.6米的安全密封高度并不适用于所研究的每种情况。这支持了需要一种合适的方法来计算破坏时的水位，而不是使用已发表文献中给出的固定值。
