Girma Shimelis, Fikadu Teshale, Abdisa Eba
Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Ethiopia.
Department of Epidemiology, Arbaminch University, Ethiopia.
Int J Pediatr. 2019 Mar 10;2019:4716482. doi: 10.1155/2019/4716482. eCollection 2019.
Child malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries still continues to be an alarming. Africa and Asia bear the greatest share of all forms of malnutrition. The association between maternal common mental disorder and stunting has not been studied well even in developed countries; much less in developing countries and even the findings are conflicting. Thus, the purpose of the present research was to investigate the relationship of maternal common mental disorder and child stunting.
Institution based unmatched case-control study design was employed from March to April 2017. Two hundred thirty-four sampled children (78 cases and 156 controls) were randomly selected. Anthropometric measurements (height/length and weight) were taken by calibrated instruments. Maternal common mental disorder (CMD) was measured by using the locally validated Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Data entry was done by Epi data version 3.1 and analysis was done by SPSS 21.0 statistical software.
Finding of this study found out about three-fourths of cases (71.8%) and three-fourths of controls (69.9%) were residing in rural and urban areas, respectively. Regarding maternal common mental disorder, more than half of cases mother (53.8%) and more than one-tenth of controls mother (13.5%) were found to have common mental disorder. The study showed that children of mothers who had common mental disorder were found to be three times more likelihood of developing stunting than children whose mothers had not common mental disorder.
The study indicated that maternal common mental disorder was significantly associated with stunting. Therefore, emphasis should be given in preventing, managing, and maintaining maternal mental health in order to prevent stunting.
低收入和中等收入国家的儿童营养不良问题仍然令人担忧。非洲和亚洲承受着各种形式营养不良的最大份额。即使在发达国家，孕产妇常见精神障碍与发育迟缓之间的关联也尚未得到充分研究；在发展中国家更是如此，而且研究结果相互矛盾。因此，本研究的目的是调查孕产妇常见精神障碍与儿童发育迟缓之间的关系。
采用基于机构的非匹配病例对照研究设计，时间为2017年3月至4月。随机选取234名抽样儿童（78例病例和156名对照）。使用校准仪器进行人体测量（身高/身长和体重）。通过当地验证的自填问卷（SRQ-20）测量孕产妇常见精神障碍（CMD）。数据录入使用Epi data 3.1版本，分析使用SPSS 21.0统计软件。
本研究发现，约四分之三的病例（71.8%）和四分之三的对照（69.9%）分别居住在农村和城市地区。关于孕产妇常见精神障碍，超过一半的病例母亲（53.8%）和超过十分之一的对照母亲（13.5%）被发现患有常见精神障碍。研究表明，患有常见精神障碍的母亲的孩子发育迟缓的可能性是其母亲没有常见精神障碍的孩子的三倍。
该研究表明，孕产妇常见精神障碍与发育迟缓显著相关。因此，应重视预防、管理和维护孕产妇心理健康，以预防发育迟缓。
