Department of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
Department of Physical and Sports Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
PLoS One. 2019 Apr 8;14(4):e0215002. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215002. eCollection 2019.
In homes, problems in daily functioning of older people often occur in the bathroom, especially in the transfers to the toilet and/or shower/bath. Assistive products have the potential to maximise functional independence (i.e. performance without assistance from another person) in everyday activities; however, more research is needed to better understand the impact of this technology on independence in the transfers in the bathroom. Additionally, little is known about the role of the environmental factors in the process of implementing bathroom adaptations. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationship between the use of assistive products and independence in the transfers in the bathroom. The secondary objective was to determine the role of the environmental factors in predicting the implementation of bathroom adaptations. 193 community-dwelling older adults with disabilities in the basic activities of daily life, who requested public long-term care services in Spain, were included. Data was collected in the participant´s homes using a standardised assessment procedure. There was no significant association between the number of categories of assistive products used in the toilet transfer and the independent performance of this task. In a multivariate model, the number of categories of assistive products used in the transfer to shower/bath was positively associated with the independent performance of this transfer (OR = 2.59, 95%CI = 1.48-4.53; p = 0.001). A multivariate analysis revealed that social functioning was significantly associated with the implementation of a bathroom adaptation; social risk was lower in participants who made an adaptation (OR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.63-0.93; p = 0.006). Assistive products may play an important role in promoting independence in the bathroom. Assistive product needs should be addressed when planning community-based interventions aimed at improving daily life. Moreover, social functioning had a strong influence on the installation of bathroom adaptations, suggesting the importance of paying special attention to social factors in the home adaptations planning process.
在家庭中，老年人日常生活功能出现问题通常发生在浴室，特别是在转移到厕所和/或淋浴/浴缸时。辅助产品有潜力最大限度地提高日常生活活动中的功能独立性（即无需他人协助即可完成）；然而，需要更多的研究来更好地了解这项技术对浴室转移独立性的影响。此外，人们对环境因素在浴室适应实施过程中的作用知之甚少。因此，这项横断面研究旨在探讨辅助产品的使用与浴室转移独立性之间的关系。次要目的是确定环境因素在预测浴室适应实施中的作用。共有 193 名生活在社区的有残疾的老年人参与了这项研究，他们在基本日常生活活动中需要公共长期护理服务，并在西班牙提出了申请。数据是使用标准化评估程序在参与者的家中收集的。在多变量模型中，在淋浴/浴缸转移中使用的辅助产品类别数量与独立完成该任务呈正相关（OR = 2.59，95%CI = 1.48-4.53；p = 0.001）。多变量分析显示，社会功能与浴室适应的实施显著相关；进行适应的参与者的社会风险较低（OR = 0.76，95%CI = 0.63-0.93；p = 0.006）。辅助产品可能在促进浴室独立性方面发挥重要作用。在规划旨在提高日常生活的基于社区的干预措施时，应考虑辅助产品需求。此外，社会功能对浴室适应的安装有很大影响，这表明在家庭适应规划过程中，特别注意社会因素的重要性。
