Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
Molecular Composite Medicine Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2019 Sep 1;19(9):5418-5425. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16544.
Yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃) nanoparticles have widespread applications; however, toxicity due to these nanoparticles has also been reported. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of Y₂O₃ nanoparticles according to the technical specifications published by the International Standard Organization (ISO/TS 19337:2016). We used Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model microorganism represented the environment. We carried out catch ball analysis of yttrium oxide and yttrium ion toxicities. The result showed that Y₂O₃ nanoparticles (20 mg/5 ml) and YCl₃ (5 mg/5 ml) treatment caused oxidative stress in yeast cells. Based on transcriptome analysis, fluorescent spectroscopy, and solubility analysis of Y₂O₃ nanoparticles, we conclude that the toxicity is due to yttrium ions derived from the nanoparticles. The ions induce oxidative stress and cause protein denaturation, which in turn induces proteasome formation to eliminate denatured proteins. Yttrium nanoparticles induce oxidative stress, which has associated with heavy metal ions. Thus, the use of yttrium nanoparticles or yttrium ions must be controlled like heavy metals.
氧化钇（Y₂O₃）纳米粒子有广泛的应用；然而，也有报道称这些纳米粒子具有毒性。在本研究中，我们根据国际标准化组织（ISO/TS 19337:2016）发布的技术规范评估了 Y₂O₃纳米粒子的毒性。我们使用酿酒酵母作为环境代表的模式微生物。我们进行了氧化钇和氧化钇离子毒性的捕捉球分析。结果表明，Y₂O₃纳米粒子（20 mg/5 ml）和 YCl₃（5 mg/5 ml）处理导致酵母细胞发生氧化应激。基于转录组分析、荧光光谱分析和 Y₂O₃纳米粒子的溶解度分析，我们得出结论，毒性是由于纳米粒子中的钇离子引起的。这些离子诱导氧化应激并导致蛋白质变性，进而诱导蛋白酶体形成以消除变性蛋白质。钇纳米粒子诱导氧化应激，这与重金属离子有关。因此，必须像控制重金属一样控制钇纳米粒子或钇离子的使用。
