Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University of Leipzig, Marschnerstraße 29a, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.
Medical Department IV-Cardiology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2019 Jul;119(7):1513-1523. doi: 10.1007/s00421-019-04138-1. Epub 2019 Apr 8.
Long-term effects of exercise training are well studied. Acute hemodynamic responses to various training modalities, in particularly strength training (ST), have only been described in a few studies. This study examines the acute responses to ST, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MCT).
Twelve young male subjects (age 23.4 ± 2.6 years; BMI 23.7 ± 1.5 kg/m) performed an incremental exertion test and were randomized into HIIT (4 × 4-min intervals), MCT (continuous cycling) and ST (five body-weight exercises) which were matched for training duration. The cardiopulmonary (impedance cardiography, ergo-spirometry) and metabolic response were monitored.
Similar peak blood lactate responses were observed after HIIT and ST (8.5 ± 2.6 and 8.1 ± 1.2 mmol/l, respectively; p = 0.83). The training impact time was 90.7 ± 8.5% for HIIT and 68.2 ± 8.5% for MCT (p < 0.0001). The mean cardiac output was significantly higher for HIIT compared to that of MCT and ST (23.2 ± 4.1 vs. 20.9 ± 2.9 vs. 12.9 ± 2.9 l/min, respectively; p < 0.0001). VO was twofold higher during HIIT compared to that observed during ST (2529 ± 310 vs. 1290 ± 156 ml; p = 0.0004). Among the components of ST, squats compared with push-ups resulted in different heart rate (111 ± 13.5 vs. 125 ± 15.7 bpm, respectively; p < 0.05) and stroke volume (125 ± 23.3 vs. 104 ± 19.8 ml, respectively; p < 0.05).
Despite an equal training duration and a similar acute metabolic response, large differences with regard to the training impact time and the cardiopulmonary response give evident. HIIT and MCT, but less ST, induced a sufficient cardiopulmonary response, which is important for the preventive effects of training; however, large differences in intensity were apparent for ST.
运动训练的长期效果已得到充分研究。已有少数研究描述了各种训练方式（尤其是力量训练（ST））的急性血液动力学反应。本研究旨在研究 ST、高强度间歇训练（HIIT）和中等强度持续训练（MCT）的急性反应。
12 名年轻男性受试者（年龄 23.4±2.6 岁；BMI 23.7±1.5 kg/m²）进行递增用力测试，并随机分为 HIIT（4×4 分钟间隔）、MCT（连续循环）和 ST（5 个体重锻炼），这些训练的持续时间相同。监测心肺（阻抗心动图，呼吸量测定）和代谢反应。
HIIT 和 ST 后观察到相似的峰值血乳酸反应（分别为 8.5±2.6 和 8.1±1.2 mmol/l；p=0.83）。HIIT 的训练冲击时间为 90.7±8.5%，而 MCT 为 68.2±8.5%（p<0.0001）。与 MCT 和 ST 相比，HIIT 的平均心输出量显著更高（分别为 23.2±4.1、20.9±2.9 和 12.9±2.9 l/min；p<0.0001）。HIIT 期间的 VO₂是 ST 的两倍（分别为 2529±310 和 1290±156 ml；p=0.0004）。在 ST 的组成部分中，深蹲与俯卧撑相比，心率（分别为 111±13.5 和 125±15.7 bpm；p<0.05）和每搏输出量（分别为 125±23.3 和 104±19.8 ml；p<0.05）不同。
尽管训练持续时间相等，急性代谢反应相似，但训练冲击时间和心肺反应方面存在显著差异。HIIT 和 MCT，但 ST 较少，引起了足够的心肺反应，这对于训练的预防效果很重要；然而，ST 的强度差异很大。
