Zhao Dongying, Yu Shuang, Sun Beini, Gao Shuang, Guo Sihan, Zhao Kai
Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2018 Apr 23;10(4):462. doi: 10.3390/polym10040462.
Chitosan is a biodegradable natural polymer with many advantages such as nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. It can be applied in many fields, especially in medicine. As a delivery carrier, it has great potential and cannot be compared with other polymers. Chitosan is extremely difficult to solubilize in water, but it can be solubilized in acidic solution. Its insolubility in water is a major limitation for its use in medical applications. Chitosan derivatives can be obtained by chemical modification using such techniques as acylation, alkylation, sulfation, hydroxylation, quaternization, esterification, graft copolymerization, and etherification. Modified chitosan has chemical properties superior to unmodified chitosan. For example, nanoparticles produced from chitosan derivatives can be used to deliver drugs due to their stability and biocompatibility. This review mainly focuses on the properties of chitosan, chitosan derivatives, and the origin of chitosan-based nanoparticles. In addition, applications of chitosan-based nanoparticles in drug delivery, vaccine delivery, antimicrobial applications, and callus and tissue regeneration are also presented. In summary, nanoparticles based on chitosan have great potential for research and development of new nano vaccines and nano drugs in the future.
壳聚糖是一种可生物降解的天然聚合物，具有许多优点，如无毒、生物相容性和可生物降解性。它可应用于许多领域，尤其是医学领域。作为一种递送载体，它具有巨大的潜力，是其他聚合物无法比拟的。壳聚糖极难溶于水，但可溶于酸性溶液。其在水中的不溶性是其在医学应用中的一个主要限制。壳聚糖衍生物可通过酰化、烷基化、硫酸化、羟基化、季铵化、酯化、接枝共聚和醚化等化学修饰技术获得。改性壳聚糖具有优于未改性壳聚糖的化学性质。例如，由壳聚糖衍生物制备的纳米颗粒因其稳定性和生物相容性可用于药物递送。本综述主要关注壳聚糖、壳聚糖衍生物的性质以及基于壳聚糖的纳米颗粒的来源。此外，还介绍了基于壳聚糖的纳米颗粒在药物递送、疫苗递送、抗菌应用以及愈伤组织和组织再生方面的应用。总之，基于壳聚糖的纳米颗粒在未来新型纳米疫苗和纳米药物的研发方面具有巨大的潜力。
