Pedroso José Luiz, Vale Thiago Cardoso, Braga-Neto Pedro, Dutra Lívia Almeida, França Marcondes Cavalcante, Teive Hélio A G, Barsottini Orlando G P
Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Unidade de Neurologia Geral e de Ataxias, São Paulo SP, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Serviço de Neurologia do Hospital Universitário, Juiz de Fora MG, Brasil.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2019 Mar;77(3):184-193. doi: 10.1590/0004-282X20190020.
Cerebellar ataxia is a common finding in neurological practice and has a wide variety of causes, ranging from the chronic and slowly-progressive cerebellar degenerations to the acute cerebellar lesions due to infarction, edema and hemorrhage, configuring a true neurological emergency. Acute cerebellar ataxia is a syndrome that occurs in less than 72 hours, in previously healthy subjects. Acute ataxia usually results in hospitalization and extensive laboratory investigation. Clinicians are often faced with decisions on the extent and timing of the initial screening tests, particularly to detect treatable causes. The main group of diseases that may cause acute ataxias discussed in this article are: stroke, infectious, toxic, immune-mediated, paraneoplastic, vitamin deficiency, structural lesions and metabolic diseases. This review focuses on the etiologic and diagnostic considerations for acute ataxia.
小脑共济失调是神经科临床常见症状，病因繁多，从慢性、进展缓慢的小脑变性到因梗死、水肿和出血导致的急性小脑病变，构成了一种真正的神经科急症。急性小脑共济失调是一种在既往健康的受试者中于72小时内出现的综合征。急性共济失调通常需要住院治疗并进行广泛的实验室检查。临床医生常常面临关于初始筛查检查的范围和时机的决策，尤其是为了检测可治疗的病因。本文讨论的可能导致急性共济失调的主要疾病类别包括：中风、感染性、中毒性、免疫介导性、副肿瘤性、维生素缺乏、结构性病变和代谢性疾病。本综述聚焦于急性共济失调的病因及诊断考量。
