Deb Shuchisnigdha, Strawderman Lesley, DuBien Janice, Smith Brian, Carruth Daniel W, Garrison Teena M
Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 9542, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 9542, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2017 Sep;106:191-201. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.05.020. Epub 2017 Jun 16.
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a self-reporting Pedestrian Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ) for the U.S. population to measure frequency of risky behaviors among pedestrians. The PBQ includes 50 survey items that allow respondents to rate the frequency with which they engage in different types of road-using behaviors as pedestrians. The validation study was conducted on 425 participants (228 males and 197 females) between the ages of 18 and 71. Confirmatory factor analysis differentiated pedestrian behaviors into five factor categories: violations, errors, lapses, aggressive behaviors, and positive behaviors. A short version of the PBQ with 20 items was also created by selecting four items with high factor loadings from each of the five factor categories. Regression analyses investigated associations with scenario-based survey behavioral responses to validate the five-factor PBQ subscale scores and composite score. For both long and short versions, each of these five individual factor scales were found to be reliable (0.7<Cronbach's alpha (α)<0.9) and valid (significant association with p<0.0001), except in the case of positive behaviors (α<0.6) which requires further expansion. The effects of gender and age on the PBQ scores were investigated and found to be consistent with previous research. This PBQ can serve as an instrument of pedestrian self-assessment in educational and training contexts as well as can be useful to all researchers investigating pedestrian safety for all age groups.
本研究的目的是开发并验证一份针对美国人群的行人行为自填问卷（PBQ），以测量行人中危险行为的发生频率。PBQ包含50个调查项目，可让受访者对自己作为行人参与不同类型道路使用行为的频率进行评分。验证研究对425名年龄在18至71岁之间的参与者（228名男性和197名女性）进行。验证性因素分析将行人行为分为五个因素类别：违规行为、失误、疏忽、攻击性行为和积极行为。还通过从五个因素类别中各选取四个具有高因素负荷的项目，创建了一个包含20个项目的PBQ简版。回归分析研究了与基于场景的调查行为反应之间的关联，以验证五因素PBQ子量表得分和综合得分。对于长版和短版，发现这五个单独的因素量表中的每一个都是可靠的（0.7<克朗巴哈系数（α）<0.9）且有效（p<0.0001时有显著关联），除了积极行为（α<0.6）的情况，这需要进一步扩展。研究了性别和年龄对PBQ得分的影响，发现与先前的研究一致。这份PBQ可作为教育和培训环境中行人自我评估的工具，对所有研究各年龄组行人安全的研究人员也很有用。
