Department of Psychology.
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences.
Psychol Bull. 2019 Jun;145(6):610-651. doi: 10.1037/bul0000194. Epub 2019 Apr 11.
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that an individual's experience of emotion is influenced by feedback from their facial movements. To evaluate the cumulative evidence for this hypothesis, we conducted a meta-analysis on 286 effect sizes derived from 138 studies that manipulated facial feedback and collected emotion self-reports. Using random effects meta-regression with robust variance estimates, we found that the overall effect of facial feedback was significant but small. Results also indicated that feedback effects are stronger in some circumstances than others. We examined 12 potential moderators, and 3 were associated with differences in effect sizes: (a) Type of emotional outcome: Facial feedback influenced emotional experience (e.g., reported amusement) and, to a greater degree, affective judgments of a stimulus (e.g., the objective funniness of a cartoon). Three publication bias detection methods did not reveal evidence of publication bias in studies examining the effects of facial feedback on emotional experience, but all 3 methods revealed evidence of publication bias in studies examining affective judgments. (b) Presence of emotional stimuli: Facial feedback effects on emotional experience were larger in the absence of emotionally evocative stimuli (e.g., cartoons). (c) Type of stimuli: When participants were presented with emotionally evocative stimuli, facial feedback effects were larger in the presence of some types of stimuli (e.g., emotional sentences) than others (e.g., pictures). The available evidence supports the facial feedback hypothesis' central claim that facial feedback influences emotional experience, although these effects tend to be small and heterogeneous. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
面部反馈假说认为，个体的情绪体验受到面部运动反馈的影响。为了评估这一假说的累积证据，我们对 138 项操纵面部反馈并收集情绪自我报告的研究中的 286 个效应量进行了元分析。使用具有稳健方差估计的随机效应元回归，我们发现面部反馈的总体效果显著但很小。结果还表明，在某些情况下，反馈效果比其他情况下更强。我们检查了 12 个潜在的调节变量，其中 3 个与效应量的差异有关：（a）情绪结果的类型：面部反馈影响情绪体验（例如，报告的乐趣），并且在更大程度上影响对刺激的情感判断（例如，卡通的客观趣味性）。三种出版物偏差检测方法并未发现研究面部反馈对情绪体验影响的研究中存在出版偏差的证据，但所有三种方法都发现了研究情感判断的研究中存在出版偏差的证据。（b）情绪刺激的存在：在没有情感唤起刺激（例如卡通）的情况下，面部反馈对情绪体验的影响更大。（c）刺激类型：当参与者呈现情感唤起的刺激时，在存在某些类型的刺激（例如情感句子）的情况下，面部反馈的效果大于其他刺激（例如图片）。现有证据支持面部反馈假说的核心主张，即面部反馈会影响情绪体验，尽管这些影响往往较小且存在异质性。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
