Chen C-Y Oliver, Milbury Paul E, Blumberg Jeffrey B
Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Apr 10;8(4):95. doi: 10.3390/antiox8040095.
Almond skins are a waste byproduct of blanched almond production. Polyphenols extracted from almond skins possess antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we examined the pharmacokinetic profile of almond skin polyphenols (ASP) and their effect on measures of oxidative stress. In a randomized crossover trial, seven adults consumed two acute ASP doses (225 mg (low, L) or 450 mg (high, H) total phenols) in skim milk or milk alone. Plasma flavonoids, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), oxidized GSH (GSSG), and resistance of low- density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation were measured over 10 h. The H dose increased catechin and naringenin in plasma, with maximum concentrations of 44.3 and 19.3 ng/mL, respectively. The GSH/GSSG ratio at 3 h after the H doses was 212% of the baseline value, as compared to 82% after milk ( = 0.003). Both ASP doses upregulated GPx activity by 26-35% from the baseline at 15, 30, 45, and 120 min after consumption. The in vitro addition of α-tocopherol extended the lag time of LDL oxidation at 3 h after L and H consumption by 144.7% and 165.2% of that at 0 h compared to no change after milk ( ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, ASP are bioavailable and modulate GSH status, GPx activity, and the resistance of LDL to oxidation.
杏仁皮是苦杏仁生产过程中的一种废弃副产品。从杏仁皮中提取的多酚在体外和体内均具有抗氧化活性。因此，我们研究了杏仁皮多酚（ASP）的药代动力学特征及其对氧化应激指标的影响。在一项随机交叉试验中，7名成年人分别在脱脂牛奶或仅饮用牛奶的情况下，摄入了两剂急性ASP（总酚含量分别为225毫克（低剂量，L）或450毫克（高剂量，H））。在10小时内测量血浆类黄酮、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）以及低密度脂蛋白（LDL）的氧化抗性。高剂量组使血浆中儿茶素和柚皮苷增加，最大浓度分别为44.3和19.3纳克/毫升。高剂量组服用后3小时的GSH/GSSG比值为基线值的212%，而饮用牛奶后为82%（P = 0.003）。两种ASP剂量在摄入后15、30、45和120分钟时均使GPx活性比基线上调26 - 35%。与饮用牛奶后无变化相比，体外添加α - 生育酚使低剂量组和高剂量组摄入后3小时LDL氧化的延迟时间分别比0小时延长了144.7%和165.2%（P≤0.05）。总之，ASP具有生物利用度，并能调节GSH状态、GPx活性以及LDL的氧化抗性。
