Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany.
Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
Eur J Nutr. 2020 Apr;59(3):1043-1054. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-01965-y. Epub 2019 Apr 11.
To describe age and time trends in added sugar, free sugar and total sugar intake among German 3-18-year-olds.
Overall, 10,761 3-day dietary records kept between 1985 and 2016 by 1312 DONALD participants (660 boys, 652 girls) were analysed (%E) using polynomial mixed-effects regression models.
TS intake decreased with age (♂: linear, quadratic and cubic trend all p < 0.0098; ♀: linear trend p < 0.0001). While the oldest children had the lowest FS intake (linear, quadratic trend: p < 0.0001), the youngest children had the lowest AS intake (linear, quadratic trend p < 0.0001, cubic trend p = 0.0004). In terms of time trends, TS (♂: cubic trend p = 0.0052; ♀: quadratic trend p = 0.0608, cubic trend p = 0.0014) and FS (quadratic trend p = 0.0163, cubic trend p < 0.0001) intake increased between 1985 and 2005 and decreased thereafter, most notably since 2010. AS intake decreased between 1985 and 1995, increased slightly until 2005 and decreased thereafter, most notably since 2010 (linear, quadratic, cubic trend p < 0.0001). FS intake exceeded 10%E/day throughout the 30-year study period.
Our results do not support the common assumptions that sugar intake is on the rise and generally higher among adolescents than among younger children. Of note, TS, AS and FS intakes have decreased in the last decade among all age groups. Nevertheless, FS intake still exceeds the intake level recommended by the WHO.
描述德国 3-18 岁儿童添加糖、游离糖和总糖摄入量的年龄和时间趋势。
共分析了 1312 名 DONALD 参与者（660 名男孩，652 名女孩）在 1985 年至 2016 年期间记录的 10761 份 3 天饮食记录（%E），使用多项式混合效应回归模型。
TS 摄入量随年龄增长而下降（♂：线性、二次和三次趋势均 p<0.0098；♀：线性趋势 p<0.0001）。虽然最大的孩子 FS 摄入量最低（线性、二次趋势：p<0.0001），但最小的孩子 AS 摄入量最低（线性、二次趋势 p<0.0001，三次趋势 p=0.0004）。就时间趋势而言，TS（♂：三次趋势 p=0.0052；♀：二次趋势 p=0.0608，三次趋势 p=0.0014）和 FS（二次趋势 p=0.0163，三次趋势 p<0.0001）摄入量在 1985 年至 2005 年间增加，此后减少，尤其是自 2010 年以来。AS 摄入量在 1985 年至 1995 年间减少，2005 年之前略有增加，此后减少，尤其是自 2010 年以来（线性、二次、三次趋势 p<0.0001）。FS 摄入量在整个 30 年的研究期间都超过 10%E/天。
我们的结果不支持糖摄入量呈上升趋势且通常在青少年中高于儿童的常见假设。值得注意的是，在过去十年中，所有年龄段的儿童 TS、AS 和 FS 的摄入量都有所下降。尽管如此，FS 的摄入量仍超过世界卫生组织推荐的摄入量水平。
