Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Donald Study Dortmund, Heinstück 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
Nutrients. 2019 Dec 20;12(1):20. doi: 10.3390/nu12010020.
Trend analyses suggest that free sugar (FS) intake-while still exceeding 10%E-has decreased among German children and adolescents since 2005, yet that intakes may shift from sugars naturally occurring in foods to added sugars as children age. Thus, we analysed time and age trends in FS intake (%E) from among 3-18 year-olds (1985-2016) using 10,761 3-day dietary records from 1312 DONALD participants (660 boys, 652 girls) by use of polynomial mixed-effects regression models. Among girls, FS from decreased from 1985 to 2016 (linear trend < 0.0001), but not among boys ( > 0.05). In the total sample, FS intake from increased until 2000 and decreased since 2005 (linear, quadratic trend < 0.0001). FS from decreased non-linearly from 1985 to 2016 (girls: linear, quadratic, cubic trend < 0.0001; boys: linear, quadratic, cubic trend < 0.02). Younger children consumed more FS from than older ones, who had a higher FS intake from . FS intake from increased until early adolescence and decreased afterwards. Since represent the main source of FS intake and the source with the least pronounced decline in intake, public health measures should focus on these products.
趋势分析表明，自 2005 年以来，德国儿童和青少年的游离糖（FS）摄入量（仍超过 10%E）有所下降，但随着儿童年龄的增长，摄入量可能从食物中天然存在的糖转移到添加糖。因此，我们使用来自 1312 名 DONALD 参与者（660 名男孩，652 名女孩）的 10761 份 3 天饮食记录，通过多项式混合效应回归模型，分析了 3-18 岁儿童（1985-2016 年）FS 摄入量（%E）的时间和年龄趋势。在女孩中，FS 来自 的摄入量从 1985 年到 2016 年下降（线性趋势 < 0.0001），但在男孩中没有下降（> 0.05）。在总样本中，FS 来自 的摄入量在 2000 年之前增加，自 2005 年以来减少（线性、二次趋势 < 0.0001）。FS 来自 的摄入量从 1985 年到 2016 年呈非线性下降（女孩：线性、二次、三次趋势 < 0.0001；男孩：线性、二次、三次趋势 < 0.02）。年龄较小的儿童比年龄较大的儿童摄入更多的 FS 来自 ，而年龄较大的儿童摄入更多的 FS 来自 。FS 来自 的摄入量在青春期前增加，之后减少。由于 是 FS 摄入量的主要来源，也是摄入量下降最不明显的来源，因此公共卫生措施应重点关注这些产品。
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