Gose Maria, Krems Carolin, Heuer Thorsten, Hoffmann Ingrid
Department of Nutritional Behaviour,Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food,Karlsruhe,Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9,76131 Karlsruhe,Germany.
Br J Nutr. 2016 Apr;115(8):1498-507. doi: 10.1017/S0007114516000544. Epub 2016 Mar 3.
The German National Nutrition Monitoring (NEMONIT) is a longitudinal and nationwide study to assess changes in food consumption and nutrient intake in Germany. A sample of 1840 participants (baseline age: 14-80 years) was drawn from the nationally representative German National Nutrition Survey (NVS) II (2005-2007). The participants have been interviewed by telephone annually since 2008. Food consumption was assessed by two 24-h recalls in the NVS II and the 4 years of NEMONIT (2008-2012/2013), respectively. Energy and nutrient intakes were calculated using the German Nutrient Database 3.02. Diet quality was evaluated using the Healthy Eating Index-NVS (HEI-NVS) II. Time trends were analysed by generalised estimating equation. Consumption of fruit/fruit products and fruit juice/nectar among men and women decreased, whereas consumption of water, soft drinks and coffee/tea increased over the 6-year period. Furthermore, increased consumption of confectionery and animal fats was observed among women. HEI-NVS II did not change since NVS II in both sexes. There were no changes in energy and protein intakes, but carbohydrate intake declined while fat intake increased over time. Regarding micronutrients, a decreasing intake of thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin B6 was observed in both sexes, but intake of Mg, Fe and niacin increased among women over time. In conclusion, food consumption and nutrient intake remained relatively stable between 2005-2007 and 2012/2013 within this German cohort. A few favourable and unfavourable changes were observed. Compared with national dietary guidelines, consumption of food of plant origin remained too low and consumption of meat/meat products remained too high in Germany.
德国国家营养监测（NEMONIT）是一项纵向的全国性研究，旨在评估德国食物消费和营养摄入的变化。从具有全国代表性的德国国家营养调查（NVS）II（2005 - 2007年）中抽取了1840名参与者（基线年龄：14 - 80岁）。自2008年以来，每年通过电话对参与者进行访谈。分别在NVS II以及NEMONIT的4年（2008 - 2012/2013年）中，通过两次24小时膳食回顾来评估食物消费情况。使用德国营养数据库3.02计算能量和营养摄入量。采用健康饮食指数 - NVS（HEI - NVS）II评估饮食质量。通过广义估计方程分析时间趋势。在这6年期间，男性和女性的水果/水果制品以及果汁/花蜜的消费量下降，而水、软饮料和咖啡/茶的消费量增加。此外，观察到女性的糖果和动物脂肪消费量增加。自NVS II以来，两性的HEI - NVS II均未改变。能量和蛋白质摄入量没有变化，但随着时间的推移，碳水化合物摄入量下降而脂肪摄入量增加。关于微量营养素，两性的硫胺素、核黄素和维生素B6摄入量均下降，但随着时间的推移，女性的镁、铁和烟酸摄入量增加。总之，在这个德国队列中，2005 - 2007年至2012/2013年期间食物消费和营养摄入保持相对稳定。观察到了一些有利和不利的变化。与国家饮食指南相比，德国植物性食物的消费量仍然过低，而肉类/肉类制品的消费量仍然过高。
