Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA), Nairobi, Kenya.
BMC Public Health. 2023 May 26;23(1):980. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15828-z.
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have become a global health concern because of their adverse health effects and their association with the obesity pandemic. It has not received much attention in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, especially among pregnant women. The pattern, frequency and factors associated with SSBs among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria, were investigated.
Data were from the Ibadan Pregnancy Cohort Study - a prospective cohort study investigating 1745 pregnant women from four comprehensive obstetric facilities in Ibadan. A qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the pregnant women's intake of food and drinks over the previous months. Sugar-sweetened beverage variable and scores were also generated using the principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Factors associated with high SSB scores were examined using multivariate logistics regression analyses at a 5% significance level.
The most commonly consumed SSBs were cocoa-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, malt drinks, and fruit juice. A quarter of the women (75th percentile) consumed SSB more than once weekly. The factors associated with high SSB on multivariate analysis were; being employed (AOR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.02-2.26), maternal obesity (AOR: 0.065, 95% CI 0.47-0.89), high fruit intake (AOR:3.62, 95% CI 2.62-4.99), high green vegetable consumption (AOR:1.99, 95% CI 1.06-3.74), high milk intake (AOR: 2.13, 95% CI 1.65- 2.74), frequent fast food outlet visit (AOR: 2.19, 95% CI 1.53-1.70), all of these remained significant after adjusting for confounding variables.
SSBs were common among our study population. Factors associated with high SSBs intake are crucial for implementing locally relevant public health interventions.
含糖饮料（SSBs）因其对健康的不良影响以及与肥胖大流行的关联而成为全球关注的健康问题。在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，包括尼日利亚，尤其是在孕妇中，这一问题并没有得到太多关注。本研究旨在调查尼日利亚伊巴丹孕妇 SSB 的模式、频率和相关因素。
数据来自伊巴丹妊娠队列研究——一项前瞻性队列研究，共纳入了来自伊巴丹四家综合产科机构的 1745 名孕妇。采用定性食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估孕妇过去几个月的食物和饮料摄入情况。还使用主成分分析（PCA）和方差极大旋转生成 SSB 变量和得分。采用多变量逻辑回归分析在 5%的显著性水平下探讨与高 SSB 评分相关的因素。
最常消费的 SSB 是可可甜饮料、软饮料、麦芽饮料和果汁。四分之一的女性（75 百分位数）每周至少饮用 SSB 一次以上。多变量分析中与高 SSB 相关的因素为：就业（OR：1.52，95%CI 1.02-2.26）、母亲肥胖（OR：0.065，95%CI 0.47-0.89）、高水果摄入量（OR：3.62，95%CI 2.62-4.99）、高绿叶蔬菜摄入量（OR：1.99，95%CI 1.06-3.74）、高牛奶摄入量（OR：2.13，95%CI 1.65-2.74）、经常光顾快餐店（OR：2.19，95%CI 1.53-1.70）。在调整混杂因素后，这些因素仍具有统计学意义。
SSB 在本研究人群中较为常见。与高 SSB 摄入量相关的因素对于实施具有本地相关性的公共卫生干预措施至关重要。
