Suriboot Jakkrit, Bazzi Hassan S, Bergbreiter David E
Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA.
Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar.
Polymers (Basel). 2016 Apr 12;8(4):140. doi: 10.3390/polym8040140.
Ruthenium and molybdenum catalysts are widely used in synthesis of both small molecules and macromolecules. While major developments have led to new increasingly active catalysts that have high functional group compatibility and stereoselectivity, catalyst/product separation, catalyst recycling, and/or catalyst residue/product separation remain an issue in some applications of these catalysts. This review highlights some of the history of efforts to address these problems, first discussing the problem in the context of reactions like ring-closing metathesis and cross metathesis catalysis used in the synthesis of low molecular weight compounds. It then discusses in more detail progress in dealing with these issues in ring opening metathesis polymerization chemistry. Such approaches depend on a biphasic solid/liquid or liquid separation and can use either always biphasic or sometimes biphasic systems and approaches to this problem using insoluble inorganic supports, insoluble crosslinked polymeric organic supports, soluble polymeric supports, ionic liquids and fluorous phases are discussed.
钌和钼催化剂广泛应用于小分子和大分子的合成。虽然重大进展已带来了新型且活性不断提高的催化剂，这些催化剂具有高官能团兼容性和立体选择性，但在这些催化剂的某些应用中，催化剂/产物分离、催化剂循环利用和/或催化剂残留/产物分离仍是一个问题。本综述重点介绍了为解决这些问题所做努力的一些历史，首先在用于合成低分子量化合物的闭环复分解和交叉复分解催化等反应背景下讨论该问题。然后更详细地讨论了在开环复分解聚合化学中处理这些问题的进展。此类方法依赖于双相固/液或液液分离，可使用始终为双相或有时为双相的体系，并讨论了使用不溶性无机载体、不溶性交联聚合有机载体、可溶性聚合物载体、离子液体和氟相来解决此问题的方法。
