J Acad Nutr Diet. 2019 Jun;119(6):972-983. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.02.006. Epub 2019 Apr 9.
Since 1975, the US Department of Agriculture has sponsored the Summer Food Service Program as a nationwide strategy for providing nutritious meals to children and youth (aged 18 years or younger) in low-income communities during the summer months. Many programs are sponsored by community organizations as well as school districts that may offer the program through the Summer Food Service Program or a seamless waiver, allowing them to extend school meals programs into the summer. These summer nutrition programs are designed to decrease food insecurity and improve health outcomes among at-risk populations. However, the characteristics of these programs, including the types of participants reached, and the programs' influence on outcomes such as academics, behavior, and physical and mental health, have not been summarized. The aims of this narrative review are to present existing knowledge about the characteristics of summer nutrition programs and their influence on students, to identify knowledge gaps, and to identify future research needs. An extensive search identified eight peer-reviewed articles and 10 reports, briefs, or other documents reporting research on the Summer Food Service Program. A variety of additional literature was reviewed to provide relevant information about summer nutrition programs. The review revealed a dearth of research regarding current Summer Food Service Program implementation. Summer nutrition programs alleviated food insecurity among at-risk populations; however, little research was found about the influence of summer programs on students' dietary intake or weight outcomes. More rigorous and mixed-methods studies examining the characteristics and influence of summer nutrition programs are needed.
自 1975 年以来，美国农业部一直赞助暑期食品服务计划，作为在夏季为低收入社区的儿童和青少年（18 岁以下）提供营养膳食的全国性战略。许多计划由社区组织以及学区赞助，这些学区可以通过暑期食品服务计划或无缝豁免来提供该计划，从而将学校膳食计划延长到夏季。这些暑期营养计划旨在减少弱势群体的粮食不安全状况并改善其健康结果。然而，这些计划的特征，包括所涉及的参与者类型，以及这些计划对学术、行为以及身心健康等结果的影响，尚未得到总结。本叙述性评论的目的是介绍关于暑期营养计划的特点及其对学生的影响的现有知识，确定知识差距，并确定未来的研究需求。广泛的搜索确定了八篇同行评议的文章和十份报告、简报或其他报告，这些报告都对暑期食品服务计划进行了研究。还审查了其他一些文献，以提供有关暑期营养计划的相关信息。审查结果表明，目前有关暑期食品服务计划实施情况的研究很少。暑期营养计划减轻了弱势群体的粮食不安全状况；但是，几乎没有发现有关暑期计划对学生饮食摄入或体重结果的影响的研究。需要进行更严格和混合方法的研究，以检查暑期营养计划的特点和影响。
