Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1117:149-171. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-3588-4_10.
Cationic host defence peptides (CHDPs), also known as antimicrobial peptides, exhibit a wide range of activities contributing to immune responses and resolution of infections. CHDPs are expressed across diverse species, are generally amphipathic with less than 50 amino acids in length, and differ significantly in sequence and structure. This chapter focuses on the role of these peptides in immunity. CHDPs are known to function in both innate and adaptive immune responses. These peptides exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties, which are likely context dependent based on cell and tissue type, concentration of the peptides, and its interaction with other factors in the microenvironment. Furthermore, the crosstalk between CHDPs and the microbiome and how this may influence mucosal immunity is a rapidly emerging field of research. Overall, the immunomodulatory functions of CHDPs play an important role in the control of infections, regulation of inflammation, and maintaining immune homeostasis. It is thus not surprising that dysregulation of expression of CHDPs is implicated in the susceptibility, pathology, and progression of various diseases. In this chapter, we summarize the immunomodulatory functions of CHDPs, its clinical relevance, and the translational opportunities that these peptides provide for the development of new therapies.
阳离子防御肽（CHDPs），也称为抗菌肽，具有广泛的活性，有助于免疫反应和感染的解决。CHDPs 在多种物种中表达，通常具有两亲性，长度小于 50 个氨基酸，在序列和结构上有很大的差异。本章重点介绍这些肽在免疫中的作用。已知 CHDPs 存在于先天和适应性免疫反应中。这些肽具有促炎和抗炎特性，这可能取决于细胞和组织类型、肽的浓度以及其与微环境中其他因素的相互作用，具有上下文依赖性。此外，CHDPs 与微生物组之间的串扰及其如何影响粘膜免疫是一个迅速发展的研究领域。总的来说，CHDPs 的免疫调节功能在控制感染、调节炎症和维持免疫平衡方面发挥着重要作用。因此，CHDPs 的表达失调与各种疾病的易感性、病理学和进展有关也就不足为奇了。在本章中，我们总结了 CHDPs 的免疫调节功能、其临床相关性以及这些肽为开发新疗法提供的转化机会。
