Vieluf Solveig, Hasija Tanuj, Jakobsmeyer Rasmus, Schreier Peter J, Reinsberger Claus
Institute of Sports Medicine, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany.
Signal and System Theory Group, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany.
Front Physiol. 2019 Mar 29;10:240. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00240. eCollection 2019.
Physical exercise has been shown to modulate activity within the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Considering physical exercise as a holistic stimulus on the nervous system and specifically the ANS, uni- and multimodal analysis tools were applied to characterize centrally driven interactions and control of ANS functions. Nineteen young and physically active participants performed treadmill tests at individually determined moderate and high intensities. Continuous electrodermal activity (EDA), heart rate (HR), and skin temperature at wrist (Temp) were recorded by wireless multisensor devices (Empatica E4, Milan, Italy) before and 30 min after exercise. Artifact-free continuous 3 min intervals were analyzed. For unimodal analysis, mean values were calculated, for bimodal and multimodal analysis canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was performed. Unimodal results indicate that physical exercise affects ANS activity. More specifically, Temp increased due to physical activity (moderate intensity: from 34.15°C to 35.34°C and high intensity: from 34.11°C to 35.09°C). HR increased more for the high (from 60.76 bpm to 79.89 bpm) than for the moderate (from 64.81 bpm to 70.83 bpm) intensity. EDA was higher for the high (pre: 8.06 μS and post: 9.37 μS) than for the moderate (pre: 4.31 μS and post: 3.91 μS) intensity. Bimodal analyses revealed high variations in correlations before exercise. The overall correlation coefficient showed varying correlations in pretest measures for all modality pairs (EDA-HR, HR-Temp, Temp-EDA at moderate: 0.831, 0.998, 0.921 and high: 0.706, 0, 0.578). After exercising at moderate intensity coefficients changed little (0.828, 0.744, 0.994), but increased substantially for all modality pairs after exercising at high intensity (0.976, 0.898, 0.926). Multimodal analysis confirmed bimodal results. Exercise-induced changes in ANS activity can be found in multiple ANS modalities as well as in their interactions. Those changes are intensity-specific: with higher intensity the interactions increase. Canonical correlations between different ANS modalities may therefore offer a feasible approach to determine exercise induced modulations of ANS activity.
体育锻炼已被证明可调节自主神经系统（ANS）内的活动。将体育锻炼视为对神经系统尤其是自主神经系统的一种整体刺激，应用单模态和多模态分析工具来表征自主神经系统功能的中枢驱动相互作用和控制。19名年轻且身体活跃的参与者在各自确定的中等强度和高强度下进行了跑步机测试。在运动前和运动后30分钟，通过无线多传感器设备（意大利米兰的Empatica E4）记录连续的皮肤电活动（EDA）、心率（HR）和手腕皮肤温度（Temp）。对无伪迹的连续3分钟间隔进行分析。对于单模态分析，计算平均值，对于双模态和多模态分析，进行典型相关分析（CCA）。单模态结果表明体育锻炼会影响自主神经系统活动。更具体地说，由于体育活动，温度升高（中等强度：从34.15°C升至35.34°C，高强度：从34.11°C升至35.09°C）。高强度时心率增加幅度（从60.76次/分钟升至79.89次/分钟）大于中等强度时（从64.81次/分钟升至70.83次/分钟）。高强度时的皮肤电活动高于中等强度时（运动前：高强度8.06μS，中等强度4.31μS；运动后：高强度9.37μS，中等强度3.91μS）。双模态分析显示运动前相关性存在很大差异。总体相关系数显示，所有模态对在测试前测量中的相关性各不相同（中等强度下的皮肤电活动 - 心率、心率 - 温度、温度 - 皮肤电活动：0.831、0.998、0.921；高强度下：0.706、0、0.578）。中等强度运动后系数变化不大（0.828、0.744、0.994），但高强度运动后所有模态对的系数大幅增加（0.976、0.898、0.926）。多模态分析证实了双模态结果。在自主神经系统的多种模态及其相互作用中都能发现运动引起的自主神经系统活动变化。这些变化具有强度特异性：强度越高，相互作用越强。因此，不同自主神经模态之间的典型相关性可能为确定运动引起的自主神经系统活动调节提供一种可行的方法。
