Influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus infection in a patient with incomplete Kawasaki disease: A case report.

RATIONALE

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a vasculitic illness of childhood associated with coronary artery dilatation, coronary artery aneurysm, arrhythmia, sudden death, and other serious cardiovascular diseases. Up to date, the etiology of KD remains unclear; however, epidemiological characteristics indicate that it may be related to as-yet-undefined pathogen infection.

PATIENT CONCERNS

A 19-month-old boy had a fever of unknown origin at 38°C for 9 days without rash, runny nose and cough.

DIAGNOSIS

The boy was diagnosed with incomplete KD (IKD) coincident with influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus.

INTERVENTIONS

He was received treatments including human immunoglobulin (2 g/kg), aspirin (30∼50 mg/kg.d), and dipyridamole (3∼5 mg/kg.d).

OUTCOMES

After 24 hours of human immunoglobulin infusion, his body temperature returned normal. After hospitalization for 6 days, his symptoms disappeared and discharged from the hospital.

LESSONS

More attention should be paid to the correlation between KD and pathogen infection, especially the new influenza virus H1N1. The potential mechanism underlying viral infection-mediated KD is worthy of further investigation, which may provide scientific evidence for the pathogenesis of KD.