Department of Environmental Technologies and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, Śniadeckich 2, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland.
Molecules. 2019 Apr 2;24(7):1285. doi: 10.3390/molecules24071285.
The aim of this research is to demonstrate the concept and ability for the fast and preliminary screening of complex food and environmental samples for the presence of endocrine disrupters fractions, consisting of low-molecular mass micropollutants, particularly various bisphenols (A, B, C, E, F, S, Z, AF, AP, BP and FL). The developed analytical protocol for this research requires two main steps: (i) optimized solid phase extraction (SPE) for selective isolation, purification and pre-concentration of target fraction, and (ii) selective temperature-dependent inclusion chromatography for samples analysis via a HPLC-UV-VisDAD system using isocratic elution and internal standard quantification approach. The chromatographic experiment revealed that both β-CD and its hydroxypropyl derivative strongly interact with selected bisphenols. This is in contrast to the steroids and PAHs molecules investigated previously, where a strong interaction with β-cyclodextrin was observed. Integrated areas derived from acquired chromatographic profiles for each individual sample were used as the simple classification variable enabling samples comparison. We demonstrated that the proposed analytical protocol allows for fast estimation of EDC fractions in various daily use products, food and environmental samples. The materials of interest were selected due to the presence in surface water ecosystems of their residues, and finally, in raw wastewater including rice bags, plastic bags, cloths, sanitary towels, fish baits and various plastic foils from food products. Treated sewage water released directly to the environment from a municipal treatment plant (Jamno, Koszalin) was also investigated. It has been demonstrated that a whole range of low-molecular mass compounds, which may be detected using UV-Vis detector, can easily be emitted from various in daily use products. The presence of micropollutants in treated wastewater, water ecosystems and plastic waste utilization via technological wastewater treatment processes must be addressed, especially in terms of microplastic-based pollutants acting as endocrine disrupters. It is hoped that the proposed simple analytical protocol will be useful for fast sample classification or selection prior to advanced targeted analysis involving the more accurate quantification of specific analytes using e.g., mass spectrometry detectors.
本研究旨在展示一种快速初步筛选复杂食品和环境样品中存在的内分泌干扰物（由低分子量的微量污染物组成，特别是各种双酚（A、B、C、E、F、S、Z、AF、AP、BP 和 FL））的概念和能力。本研究开发的分析方法需要两个主要步骤：（i）优化固相萃取（SPE），用于选择性分离、纯化和浓缩目标馏分；（ii）选择性温度依赖包合色谱法，用于通过 HPLC-UV-VisDAD 系统分析样品，采用等度洗脱和内标定量方法。色谱实验表明，β-CD 及其羟丙基衍生物都能与所选双酚类物质强烈相互作用。这与以前研究过的甾体和 PAHs 分子形成鲜明对比，在这种情况下，β-环糊精与这些分子强烈相互作用。每个单独样品的色谱图谱获得的积分面积被用作简单的分类变量，以实现样品比较。我们证明，所提出的分析方法允许快速估计各种日用产品、食品和环境样品中的 EDC 馏分。选择这些感兴趣的材料是因为它们的残留物存在于地表水生态系统中，最后，在包括米袋、塑料袋、布、卫生棉条、鱼饵和各种来自食品的塑料箔的原始废水中也发现了它们的残留物。还研究了从市政处理厂（Jamno，Koszalin）直接排放到环境中的处理污水。结果表明，使用 UV-Vis 检测器可以很容易地检测到一系列低分子量化合物，这些化合物可能从各种日用产品中释放出来。必须解决经处理废水、水生态系统和通过技术废水处理过程利用塑料废物中低分子量污染物的存在问题，特别是考虑到作为内分泌干扰物的微塑料基污染物。希望所提出的简单分析方法能够在进行更准确的特定分析物定量（例如，使用质谱检测器）之前，对快速样品分类或选择有用。
