Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
School of Psychological Sciences, Gershon H. Gordon Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Nat Hum Behav. 2019 May;3(5):436-445. doi: 10.1038/s41562-019-0573-y. Epub 2019 Apr 15.
Functional MRI neurofeedback (NF) allows humans to self-modulate neural patterns in specific brain areas. This technique is regarded as a promising tool to translate neuroscientific knowledge into brain-guided psychiatric interventions. However, its clinical implementation is restricted by unstandardized methodological practices, by clinical definitions that are poorly grounded in neurobiology, and by lack of a unifying framework that dictates experimental choices. Here we put forward a new framework, termed 'process-based NF', which endorses a process-oriented characterization of mental dysfunctions to form precise and effective psychiatric treatments. This framework relies on targeting specific dysfunctional mental processes by modifying their underlying neural mechanisms and on applying process-specific contextual feedback interfaces. Finally, process-based NF offers designs and a control condition that address the methodological shortcomings of current approaches, thus paving the way for a precise and personalized neuromodulation.
功能磁共振神经反馈（NF）使人类能够自我调节特定脑区的神经模式。该技术被认为是将神经科学知识转化为大脑导向的精神干预的有前途的工具。然而，其临床实施受到非标准化方法实践、临床定义与神经生物学基础较差以及缺乏统一框架来决定实验选择的限制。在这里，我们提出了一个新的框架，称为“基于过程的 NF”，它支持通过修改其潜在的神经机制来对精神功能障碍进行面向过程的特征描述，从而形成精确和有效的精神治疗方法。该框架依赖于通过修改其潜在的神经机制来靶向特定的功能失调的心理过程，并应用特定于过程的上下文反馈接口。最后，基于过程的 NF 提供了设计和对照条件，解决了当前方法的方法学缺陷，从而为精确和个性化的神经调节铺平了道路。
