Bel Sarah, De Ridder Karin A A, Lebacq Thérésa, Ost Cloë, Teppers Eveline, Cuypers Koenraad, Tafforeau Jean
Sciensano, Department of Epidemiology and public health, Unit Lifestyle and chronic diseases, Brussels, Belgium.
2Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistiques et Recherches cliniques, Université libre de Bruxelles, Ecole de santé publique, Brussels, Belgium.
Arch Public Health. 2019 Apr 5;77:14. doi: 10.1186/s13690-019-0343-3. eCollection 2019.
Between 2014 and 2015 a second National Food Consumption Survey was conducted in Belgium in order to evaluate the habitual food consumption in the general Belgian population and to compare it with food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) and results of the 2004 Food Consumption Survey.
A representative sample of the Belgian population was randomly selected from the National Population Register following a multistage stratified sampling procedure. Information on dietary intake was collected from 3146 subjects between 3 and 64 year old through two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls using GloboDiet®. In addition, a self-administered food frequency questionnaire was completed. The distribution of habitual food consumptions and proportion of persons who did not meet the recommendations were estimated with SPADE.
For most of food groups analysed, the habitual consumption did not comply with FBDG. The consumption of nutrient-poor and energy-dense foods (e.g. alcohol, soft drinks and snacks) was excessive (35% of total energy intake), while the consumption of most other food groups was below the minimum recommended. A large majority of the population had an inadequate consumption of dairy products (98%), vegetables (95%), fruit (91%), potatoes, rice and pasta (88%) bread and cereals (83%) and water and sugar-free drinks (73%). Males had higher consumption of most food groups than females, thereby complying more often with FBDG. For all food groups, except dairy products and fruit, the consumption increased with age. The proportion of individuals meeting FBDG was the highest among young children (3-5 years) and the worst among adolescents aged 14-17 years old. Habitual consumption remained stable between 2004 and 2014 in the population aged 15-64 years old for all food groups except for increased consumption of water and sugar-free drinks (1180 to 1289 g/d) and decreased consumption of spreadable and cooking fat (27 to 19 g/d), red meat (34 to 25 g/d) and bread and cereals (173 to 142 g/d).
The habitual food consumption of the Belgian population (3-64 years) in 2014-2015 deviates largely from FBDG, particularly among adolescents aged between 14 and 17 years old. Few improvements were observed between 2004 and 2014 in the population between 15 and 64 years old. Further efforts are therefore necessary to improve dietary habits in Belgium, in order to prevent and reduce diet-related diseases.
2014年至2015年期间，比利时开展了第二次全国食品消费调查，旨在评估比利时普通人群的习惯性食品消费情况，并将其与基于食物的膳食指南（FBDG）以及2004年食品消费调查的结果进行比较。
按照多阶段分层抽样程序，从国家人口登记册中随机抽取比利时人口的代表性样本。通过使用GloboDiet®进行两次非连续的24小时膳食回顾，收集了3146名3至64岁受试者的饮食摄入信息。此外，还完成了一份自我管理的食物频率问卷。使用SPADE估计习惯性食物消费的分布情况以及未达到建议摄入量的人群比例。
对于所分析的大多数食物组，习惯性消费不符合FBDG。营养匮乏且能量密集型食物（如酒精、软饮料和零食）的消费量过高（占总能量摄入量的35%），而大多数其他食物组的消费量低于建议的最低水平。绝大多数人群的乳制品（98%）、蔬菜（95%）、水果（91%）、土豆、大米和面食（88%）、面包和谷物（83%）以及水和无糖饮料（73%）的摄入量不足。男性大多数食物组的消费量高于女性，因此更常符合FBDG。除乳制品和水果外，所有食物组的消费量均随年龄增长而增加。符合FBDG的个体比例在幼儿（3至5岁）中最高，在14至17岁的青少年中最差。在15至64岁的人群中，2004年至2014年期间，除了水和无糖饮料的消费量增加（从1180克/天增至1289克/天）以及可涂抹和烹饪用脂肪、红肉、面包和谷物的消费量减少（分别从27克/天降至19克/天、从34克/天降至25克/天、从173克/天降至142克/天）外，所有食物组的习惯性消费保持稳定。
2014 - 2015年比利时人群（3至64岁）的习惯性食物消费与FBDG有很大偏差，尤其是在14至17岁的青少年中。2004年至2014年期间，15至64岁人群中几乎没有观察到改善情况。因此，有必要在比利时进一步努力改善饮食习惯，以预防和减少与饮食相关的疾病。
