Słodki Sebastian, Bogucka Joanna
Department of Animal Physiology, Physiotherapy and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP University of Science and Technology, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Sebastian Slodki Veterinary Office, Small Animal Rehabilitation Centre, 85-790 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
J Vet Res. 2019 Mar 22;63(1):149-160. doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0015. eCollection 2019 Mar.
For many years, scientists have been pursuing research on skeletal muscle ageing both in humans and animals. Studies on animal models have extended our knowledge of this mechanism in humans. Most researchers agree that the major processes of muscle ageing occur in the mitochondria as the major energy production centres in muscle cells. It is believed that decisive changes occur at the enzymatic activity level as well as in protein synthesis and turnover ability. Deregulation of ion channels and oxidative stress also play significant roles. In particular, in recent years the free radical theory of ageing has undergone considerable modification; researchers are increasingly highlighting the partly positive effects of free radicals on processes occurring in cells. In addition, the influence of diet and physical activity on the rate of muscle cell ageing is widely debated as well as the possibility of delaying it through appropriate physical exercise and diet programmes. Numerous studies, especially those related to genetic processes, are still being conducted, and in the near future the findings could provide valuable information on muscle ageing. The results of ongoing research could answer the perennial question of whether and how we can influence the rate of ageing both in animals and humans.
多年来，科学家们一直在进行关于人类和动物骨骼肌衰老的研究。对动物模型的研究扩展了我们对人类这一机制的认识。大多数研究人员认为，肌肉衰老的主要过程发生在线粒体中，线粒体是肌肉细胞中的主要能量产生中心。据信，在酶活性水平以及蛋白质合成和周转能力方面会发生决定性变化。离子通道失调和氧化应激也起着重要作用。特别是近年来，衰老的自由基理论有了相当大的修正；研究人员越来越强调自由基对细胞内发生的过程有部分积极影响。此外，饮食和体育活动对肌肉细胞衰老速度的影响以及通过适当的体育锻炼和饮食计划延缓衰老的可能性也受到广泛争论。目前仍在进行大量研究，尤其是那些与遗传过程相关的研究，在不久的将来，这些研究结果可能会提供有关肌肉衰老的有价值信息。正在进行的研究结果可能会回答一个长期存在的问题，即我们是否以及如何能够影响动物和人类的衰老速度。
